Microextraction and preconcentration of nickel in chocolate samples by SrFe12O19@CTAB magnetic nanoparticles and determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy

Subject Areas :

vahid mortazavi nik ¹ , elahe kanoz ² , Alireza Feizbakhsh ³ , Amir Abdullah Mehrdad Sharif ⁴

1 - Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - دانشیار شیمی تجزیه، گروه شیمی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران.
3 - Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 - Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2020-12-04 Accepted : 2021-02-14 Published : 2022-02-20

Keywords: Nickel, SrFe12O19@CTAB, chocolate, Dispersion solid phase extraction, Electrothermal atomic absorption,

Abstract :

Cocoa beans contain unsaturated fats and a nickel catalyst is used to hydrate the unsaturated fats. Nickel can be present in high concentrations in chocolate. In this research, dispersion solid phase extraction combined with electrothermal atomic absorption method as a new method for measuring nickel in chocolate samples. First, strontium hexaferrite magnetic nanosorbents were synthesized. Then its surface was modified with acetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant and magnetic nanosorbent SrFe12O19@CTAB was prepared. The characteristics of the synthesized adsorbent were studied by thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetric (TGA-DSC), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The optimum amount of effective parameters of extraction (pH=8, adsorbent amount of 50 mg, and type of eluent solvent of 2% (v/v) methanol in nitric acid with a volume of 2 ml) were obtained. Finally, nickel was preconcentrated in real chocolate samples under optimal conditions. It was measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer. Analytical  parameters such as  linear working range of the calibration curve 1-100 µg l-1, the detection limit (LOD) 0.45 µg kg-1, the recovery values ranged from 97.8 to 100.2%, relative standard deviation of 0.22-0.68% for all samples and preconcentration factor of 50 were found. This method is a simple, fast, low-cost, effective, high sensitivity, and environmentally friendly method for measuring nickel in chocolate samples.

References:

[1] Sadeghi, M.; Shiri, F.; Kordestani, D.; Mohammadi, P.; Alizadeh, A.; Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society 15, 753–768, 2018.

[2] Reclo, M.; Yilmaz, E.; Soylak, M.; Andruch,V.; Bazel, Y.; Journal of Molecular Liquids 237, 236-241, 2017.

[3] Begum, K.; Reddy, P.V.; Leelaja, B.C.; Rajashekar, Y.; Rajendran, S.; Journal of Stored Products Research 43, 118-122, 2007.

[4] Ieggli, C.V.; Bohrer, D.; Nascimento, P.C.; Carvalho, L.M.; Gobo, L.A.; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 24, 465-468, 2011.

[5] Todorovic,V.; Redovnikovic, I.R.; Todorovic, Z.; Jankovic, G.; Dodevska, M.; Sobajic, S.; Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 41, 137-143, 2015.

[6] Yanus, R.L.; Sela, H.; Borojovich, E.J.; Zakon, Y.; Saphier, M.; Nikolski, A.; Karpas, Z.; Talanta 119, 1-4, 2014.

[7] Temel, N.K.; Sertakan, K.; Gürkan, R.; Biolgical Trace Element Research 186, 597-607, 2018.

[8] Das, K.K.; Das, S.N.; Dhundasi, S.A.; Indian Journal of Medical Research 128, 412-421, 2008.

[9] Huang, C.; Hu, B.; Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 63, 437-444, 2008.

[10] Elik, A.; Altunay, N.; Gürkan, R.; Journal Molecular Liquids 247, 262-268, 2017.

[11] Ignatev, N.V.; W-Biermann, U.; Kucheryna, A.; Bissky, G.; Willner, H.; Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 126, 1150-1159, 2005.

[12] Cassella, R.J.; Brum, D.M.; Robaina, N.F.; Lima, C.F.; Fuel 215, 592-600, 2018.

[13] Sorouraddin, S.M.; Nouri, S.; Analytical Methods 8, 1396-1404, 2016.

[14] Yolcu, Ş.M.; Fırat, M.; Chormey, D.S.; Büyükpınar, Ç.; Turak, F.; Bakırdere, S.; Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 100, 715–719, 2018.

[15] Khorshidi,N.; Niazi, A.; Separation Science and Technology 51, 1675–1683, 2016.

[16] Shemirani, F.; Behgozin, S.M.; Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society 15, 1907–1912, 2018.

[17] Vinhal, J.O.; Cassella, R.J.; Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 151, 33–40, 2019.

[18] Meira, L.A.; Almeida, J.S.; Dias, F.de S.; Pedra, P.P.; Pereira, A.L.C.; Teixeira, L.S.G.;  Microchemical Journal  142, 144–151, 2018.

[19] Greenberg, R.R.; Bode, P.; Fernandes, E.A.D.N.; Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 66, 193-241, 2011.

[20] Luo, J.; Xu, F.; Tu, J.; Wu, X.; Hou, X.; Microchemical Journal 132, 245–250, 2017.

[21] Jerše, A.; Jaćimović, R.; Maršić, N.K.; Germ, M.; Šircelj, H.; Stibilj, V.; Microchemical Journal 137, 355–362, 2018.

[22] Xuxu, Z.; Jianjie, L.; Aiguo, G.; Danhong, W.; Min, Z.; Atomic Spectroscopy 38, 77–85, 2017.

[23] Kiani, E.; Rozatian, A.S.H.; Yousefi, M.H.; Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 361, 25–29, 2014.

[24] Pullar, R.C.; Bdikin, I.K.; Bhattacharya, A.K.; Journal of the European Ceramic Society 32, 905–913, 2012.

[25] Parham, H.; Zargar, B.; Rezazadeh, M.; Materials Science and Engineering: C 32, 2109-2114, 2012.

[26] Haijun, Z.; Zhichao, L.; Chenliang, M.; Xi, Y.; Mingzhong, Z.W.; Materials Chemistry and Physics 80, 129-135, 2003.

[27] Kustov, E.F.; Novotortsev, V.M.; Serebryannikov, S.V.; Cheparin, V.P.; Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 56, 591-596, 2011.

[28] Mosleh, Z.; Kameli, P.; Poorbaferani, A.; Ranjbar, M.; Salamati, H.; Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 397, 101-107, 2016.

[29] Kishi, Y.; Shigemi, S.; Doihara, S.; Mostafa.M, G.; Wase.K.; Hydrometallurgy 47, 325–338, 1998.

[30] Scholz, F.; Kahlert, H.; ChemTexts 7, 1-9, 2015.

[31] Mahmoud, M.E.; Talanta 45, 309-315, 1997.

[32] Zhou, Q.; Ding, Y.; Xiao, J.; Analytical and Bioanal Chemistry 385, 1520-1525, 2006.

[33] Chen, B.; Hu, C.; Shao, J.; Li, D.; Journal of Hazardous Materials 164, 923-928, 2009.

[34] Altunay, N.; Elik, A.; Gürkan, R.J.M.J.; Microchemical Journal 147, 277-285, 2019.

[35] Dubey, S.; Banerjee, S.; Upadhyay, S.N.; Sharma, Y.C.; Journal of Molecular Liquids 240, 656-677, 2017.

[36] Badruddoza, A.Z.M.; Shawon, Z.B.Z.; Rahman, M.T.; Hao, K.W.; Hidajat, K.; Uddin, M.S.; Chemical Engineering Journal 225, 607-615, 2013.

[37] Nassar, N.N.; Journal of hazardous materials 184, 1-3, 2010.

[38] Vollath, D.; KGaA, W.-V.V.G.; Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 7, 6-10, 2008.

[39] Wang, M.H.; Lei, D.; Qu, D.; Zhai, Y.; Wang, Y.; Journal of Environmental Sciences 25, 3-7, 2013.

[40] Dubey, A.S.; Banerjee, A.S.; Upadhyay, B.S.N.; Chandra Sharma, Y.; Journal of Molecular Liquids 240, 656-677, 2017.

[41] Seliema, M.K.; Mobarak, M.; Journal of Molecular Liquids 294, 111676, 2019.

[42] Hsu, K.C.; Lee, C.F.; Chao, Y.Y.; Hung, C.C.; Chen, P.C.; Chiang, C.H.; Huang, Y.L.; Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 31, 2338–2345, 2016.

[43] Temel, N.K.; Sertakan, K.; Gürkan, R.; Biological Trace Element Research 186, 597–607, 2018.

[44] Wang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Zhao, B.; Du, X.; Ma, J.; Li, J.; Biological Trace Element Research 144, 1381–1393, 2011.

[45] Khani, R.; Shemirani, F.; Food Analytical Methods 6, 386–394, 2013.

[46] Altunay, N.; Elik, A.; Gürkan, R.; Microchemical Journal 147, 277–285, 2019.

[47] Wang, Y.; Gao, S.; Ma, J.; Li, J.; Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 59, 1468–1477, 2012.

[48] Pourjavid, M.R.; Arabieh, M.; Yousefi, S.R.; Jamali, M.R.; Rezaee, M.; Hosseini, M.H.; Sehat, A.A.; Materials Science and Engineering: C 47, 114–122, 2015.

[49] Khazaeli, S.; Nezamabadi, N.; Rabani, M.; Panahi, H.A.; Microchemical Journal 106, 147–153, 2013.

[50] Barreto, J.A.; de Assis, R. dos S.; Cassella, R.J.; Lemos, V.A.; Talanta 193, 23–28, 2019.