The effects of lead pollution on the growth parameters, protein content, sugars, and anatomical structure in Medicago sativa L.
Subject Areas : Geneticسارا Saadatmand 1 , حمید Fahimi 2 , AR Alaeddini 3
1 - Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Faculty of basic sciences, Tehran.Iran.
2 - Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Faculty of basic sciences, Tehran.Iran.
3 - Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Faculty of basic sciences, Tehran.Iran.
Keywords: Medicago sativa L, Pb(NO3)2, Lead toxicity, Heavy metal, Pb2+,
Abstract :
In this investigation, the effects of various concentrations of Pb(NO3)2 (0.25–0.5–1–2mM) on the growth parameters in Medicago sativa L. were studied. The Treatment period was 20 days and the end of this period, the length, dry weight, and fresh weight of roots and shoots, leaves area, microscopically observation, accumulation of lead in roots and shoots, determination of soluble and insoluble sugars, total proteins and profile of proteins by SDS-PAGE, measured and studied. The statistical studies were carried out by SPSS software and variance analysis (ANOVA) and Duncan test. The results showed that lead toxicity decreased significantly roots and shoots length, leaves area, dry and fresh weight and in the high concentration of Pb+2, lignin biosynthesis and fiber were increased. Analyzing of lead content in the roots and shoots by atomic absorption indicated that, the lead absorption excess by increasing level of lead in treatments. When the concentration of lead increased, the amount of soluble sugars in shoots and roots were decreased whereas insoluble sugars in shoots were increased but in roots were decreased. By increasing lead in treatment both in shoots and roots, the total protein increased. The profile of proteins by SDS-PAGE showed some changes as compared with control plants. This research indicated that the Medicago sativa L. is a heavy metal tolerant plant and absorbed high level of lead from soil and accumulated in roots and shoots tissues.
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Cobbett,cs, (2000) , Phytochelatin biosynthesis and function in heavy metal detoxification. curr.opin.plant Bio.3
Eun,so; Youn,Hs; Lee,Y, (2000). Lead disturbs microtubule organization in the root meristem of Zea mays. Physiol. Plant 110:357-365
Gaspar, G.M. and Anton, A., (2002). Heavy metal uptake by two radish varieties. Hungarian congeress on plant physiology Vol. 46 (3 – 4): 113-114
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Kabata-pendias, A, (2001). Trace elements in soils and plants. Third edition , pp.413.
Kochert, J. 1978. Carbohydrates determination by the phenol-sulphuric acid methods. In:J.A. Hellubust and J.S.raigie(eds),Hand book of physiological methods. Cambrige University Press.pp.96-97.
Kosobrukhov, A; Knyazeva, I, (2004). plantago major plants responses to increase content of lead in soil: growth and photosynthesis. Plant Grow Regular. 42: 145 – 151.
Larbi, A; Morales, F, (2003). Effect of Cd and Pb in sugar beet plants grown in nutrient solution. Functional Plant Biology , 20(12),1453-1464.
Lowry,O.H.,Rosbroch,N.J.,Farr and Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with the folin reagent. J. Biol. Chem..193: 256-273.
Mishra, A; Choudhari, MA, (1998). Amelioration of lead and mercury effects on germination and rice seedling growth by antioxidants, Biol. Plant. 41:469-473
Mohanty, N; Vass, I; Demeter, S, (1989). Copper toxicity affects photosystem II election transport at . Plant Physiol. 90: 175-179
Ma, J.F. (2004). Role of organic acids in detoxification of Aluminum in higher plants. Plant Cell Physiologic. 41: 383-390
Oliver, D; Nadiv, R, (2003). Uptake of Cu, Pb, Cd, as and DDT by vegetables Grown in urban environments. Environmental Protection and Heritage Council ( EPHC): 151-161
Pallavi, Sh; Rama, Sh, D, (2005). Lead toxicity in plants. Brazilian Journal of plant physiology. vol, 17, no 1
Prasada, M.N.V. and Strzalka, K. (1999). Impact of heavy metals on photosynthesis in heavy metal stress in plants. Prasasa, M.N.V. and Hagemeyer, J.Eds. Springer Heidelberg, 117.
Samardakiew, S; Wozny, A, (2000). The distribution of lead in dunckweed root tip. plant soil 226: 107-111
Sharma, P; Dubey, RS, (2004). Ascorbate peroxides from rice seeding. Plant sci. 167: 541-550
Stefanov, K et al, (1995). Effects of lead ions on the phospholipid composition in leaves of Zea mays and Phasolous vulgaris.J. Plant physiol. 147: 243-246
Verma, S; Dubey, RS, (2003). Lead toxicity induces lipid proxidation and alters the activity of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice plants. Plant. Sci. 164: 645-655
Yell Yang, et al, (2000). Identification of rice varieties with high tolerance or sensivity to lead and characterization of the mechanism of to tolerance. Plant physiol. Nov. 2000 vol, 124: 1019-1026
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Ahmed,A., Tajmir – Riahi HA (1993). Intraction of toxic metal ions Cd2+and with harvesting proteins of chloroplast thylakoid membranes. An FTIR spectroscopic study. j. Inorg. Biochem.50
Cobbett,cs, (2000) , Phytochelatin biosynthesis and function in heavy metal detoxification. curr.opin.plant Bio.3
Eun,so; Youn,Hs; Lee,Y, (2000). Lead disturbs microtubule organization in the root meristem of Zea mays. Physiol. Plant 110:357-365
Gaspar, G.M. and Anton, A., (2002). Heavy metal uptake by two radish varieties. Hungarian congeress on plant physiology Vol. 46 (3 – 4): 113-114
Georgieva,V; Tasev,C (1997). Growth, yield, lead, zinc and cadmium content of radish, pea, and pepper plants as influenced by level of single and multiple contamination of soil. Bul.G.J. plant Physiol , 23(1-2),12-23
Kabata-pendias, A, (2001). Trace elements in soils and plants. Third edition , pp.413.
Kochert, J. 1978. Carbohydrates determination by the phenol-sulphuric acid methods. In:J.A. Hellubust and J.S.raigie(eds),Hand book of physiological methods. Cambrige University Press.pp.96-97.
Kosobrukhov, A; Knyazeva, I, (2004). plantago major plants responses to increase content of lead in soil: growth and photosynthesis. Plant Grow Regular. 42: 145 – 151.
Larbi, A; Morales, F, (2003). Effect of Cd and Pb in sugar beet plants grown in nutrient solution. Functional Plant Biology , 20(12),1453-1464.
Lowry,O.H.,Rosbroch,N.J.,Farr and Randall, R.J. (1951). Protein measurement with the folin reagent. J. Biol. Chem..193: 256-273.
Mishra, A; Choudhari, MA, (1998). Amelioration of lead and mercury effects on germination and rice seedling growth by antioxidants, Biol. Plant. 41:469-473
Mohanty, N; Vass, I; Demeter, S, (1989). Copper toxicity affects photosystem II election transport at . Plant Physiol. 90: 175-179
Ma, J.F. (2004). Role of organic acids in detoxification of Aluminum in higher plants. Plant Cell Physiologic. 41: 383-390
Oliver, D; Nadiv, R, (2003). Uptake of Cu, Pb, Cd, as and DDT by vegetables Grown in urban environments. Environmental Protection and Heritage Council ( EPHC): 151-161
Pallavi, Sh; Rama, Sh, D, (2005). Lead toxicity in plants. Brazilian Journal of plant physiology. vol, 17, no 1
Prasada, M.N.V. and Strzalka, K. (1999). Impact of heavy metals on photosynthesis in heavy metal stress in plants. Prasasa, M.N.V. and Hagemeyer, J.Eds. Springer Heidelberg, 117.
Samardakiew, S; Wozny, A, (2000). The distribution of lead in dunckweed root tip. plant soil 226: 107-111
Sharma, P; Dubey, RS, (2004). Ascorbate peroxides from rice seeding. Plant sci. 167: 541-550
Stefanov, K et al, (1995). Effects of lead ions on the phospholipid composition in leaves of Zea mays and Phasolous vulgaris.J. Plant physiol. 147: 243-246
Verma, S; Dubey, RS, (2003). Lead toxicity induces lipid proxidation and alters the activity of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice plants. Plant. Sci. 164: 645-655
Yell Yang, et al, (2000). Identification of rice varieties with high tolerance or sensivity to lead and characterization of the mechanism of to tolerance. Plant physiol. Nov. 2000 vol, 124: 1019-1026