Changes in proline amount, water relations and morphological compatibility of two soybean varieties (Pershing and DPX) under water stress
Subject Areas : Geneticحسن modarse zade 1 , mr rezaee 2 , مه لقا Ghorbanli 3
1 - Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch
2 - Department of Biology, Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch
3 - Department of Biology, Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch
Keywords: Water stress, Proline, rwc, LWL, morphological adaptation and soybean,
Abstract :
Water stress is the main limitation in the production of many crops and causes many physiological and morphological reactions in plants. This problem has been observed in different cultivars of the same species, including soybeans. The aim of this research was to study the effect of water stress on water relations, proline content and morphological characteristics of two soybean cultivars including Pershing and DPX. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out in pots and water treatments of 80 (flooded), 60, 40 and 20% (dry) of the water saturation capacity of the soil were applied on them. The results of the studies showed a significant difference in the measured measurements in two soybean cultivars. In both cultivars, reducing the amount of irrigation caused a decrease in plant height and root length, and in the flooding treatment, it was associated with a significant increase in misplaced roots. In the Pershing variety, the decrease in the amount of irrigation led to a decrease in the relative amount of water (RWC), but in the DPX variety, the lowest amount of RWC was observed in the 40% treatment. Leaf water loss (LWL) was higher in all treatments in Pershing variety than similar treatments in DPX variety. The highest amount of proline in leaves and roots was related to treatments with lower RWC, which was observed in Pershing and DPX cultivars in 20% and 40% treatments, respectively. In both cultivars, the amount of proline amino acid was higher in the leaves than in the root. The results showed that in both cultivars, leaves were more affected by water stress than roots, and Pershing cultivar showed more sensitivity in low water levels.
آلیاری، ه، شکاری، ف، (1379). دانههای روغنی ـ زراعت و فیزیولوژی انتشارات عمیدی تبریز، صفحه 147 – 170.
مظفریان، و. (1383). ردهبندی گیاهی، کتاب دوم: دو لپهایها، انتشارات امیرکبیر تهران، صفحه 258.
Alexieva, V., Sergiv, I., Mapelli, S., and karanov, E. (2001). The effect of drought and ultraviolet radiation on growth and stress markers in pea and wheat. Plant cell & Environment, vol, 24, page 1337.
Bacanamwo, M., Purcell, L.C., (1999). Soybean root morphological and anatomical traits associated with acclimation to flooding. CropScience 39:143-149.
Bates, L. S., Waldern, R. P. and Teare, T. D., (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies, Plant Soil, 39: 205-207.
Blokhina, O., Virolainen, E., Fagerstedt, K.V., (2003). Antioxidants, Oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress. Ann. Bot. 91: 179-194.
Bohnert, H. J. (2002). What makes desiccation tolerable? Genome Biol. 1: 1010– 1010.
Boru, G., Vantoal, T., Alves, J., Hua, D. and Knee, M. (2003). Response of Soybean Oxygen Deficiency and Elevated Root-Zone Carbon Dioxide Concentration. Annals of Botany, 91: 447–453
Bray, A. E. (1997). Plant responses to water dificit. Trend in Plant Science, vol. 2, Issue 2, pp. 48 – 54.
Chaves, M. M., Maroco, J. P. and Perreira, J. S. (2003). Understanding plant response to drought-from gene to the whole plant. Functional plant Biology, 30, 239 – 264.
Eric J. W. V. and Laurentius A. C. J. V. (2004). Acclimation to soil flooding- sensing and signal transduction. Plant and soil. 245: 197–214.
Ford C.W. (1984) Accumulation of low molecular weight solutes in water- stressed tropical legumes. Phytochemistry 23, 1007-1015.
Fu, J., and Huang (2001). Involvement of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in the adaptation of two coolseason grasses to localized drought stress. Environ. Exp. Bot. 45: 105-114.
Gao, X–P., Warvg, X–F., Lu, Y-F., Zhang, I-J, Shen, Y-Y., Liang, Z., and Zhang, D_P. (2002). Jasmonic acid is involved in the water – stress–induced betaine accumulation in pear leaves. Plant, Cell & Environment, Vol. 27, Issue 4, page 497.
Geigenberger P. (2003). Response of plant metabolism to too little oxygen. curr. opin plant Biol. 6, 247-256.
Hokstra, F. A., Golovina, E. A., Buitink, J. (2001). Mechanisms of plant desiccation tolerance. Trends Plant Sci. 6:431-438.
Jiang, Y. and Huang, B. (2002). Protein alteration in tall fescue in response to drought stress and abscisic acid, Crop Science, 42, 202–207.
Kishor, K.P.B., Sangam, S., Amrutha, R.N., Laxim, P. S., Naidu, K. R., Rao, K. R. S. S., Rao, S., Reddy, K.J., Theriappan, P. and Sreenivasula, N. (2005). Regulation of Proline biosynthesis, degradation, Uptake and transport in higher plants: Its implications in plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Current Science. vol. 88, No. 3, pp. 424 – 438.
Lawlor, W.D., (2002). Limitation to photosynthesis in water-stressed leaves: stomata metabolism and the role of ATP. Annals of Botany, 89: 861-870
Meyer, R. F. and Boyer, J-S., (1981). Osmoregulation, solute distribution and growth in soybean seedlings having low water potential, Panta, 151, 482-489.
Mohd, R. I., Mohd, K. Y. and Marzian, M., (2004). Growth, water relation, stomatal conductance and proline concentration in water stressd Banana (Musa SPP.) plants. Asion Journal of plant sciences, 3(6): 709- 713.
Niki, T., and Gladish, D.K. (2001). Changes in growth and structure of pea primary (Pisum sativum L. CV. Alaska) as a result of sudden flooding. Plant cell physio. 42:694-702.
Onwugbuta–Enyi, J., (2004). Water balance and procimate composition in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L). Walps) Seedlings exposed to drought and flooding stress. Journal of Applied Sciences & Environmental management, Vol. 8, No. 2, PP.55-57.
Pattanagul, W. and Madore, M. A. (1999). Water dificit Effects on Raffinose family oligosaccharide metabolism in Coleus. Plant Physiology, vol 121, PP. 987– 993.
Pennypacker, B.W., Leats, K.L., Stout, W.L. and Hill, R.R., (1990). Techniques for stimulating field drought stress in green house. Agron, J., 82, 951-957.
Prado, F.E., Boero, C., Gallarodo, M. and Gonzalez, J.A., (2002). Effect of NaCl on germination, growth and soluble sugar content in Chenopodium quinoa willd seeds. Bot. Bull. Acal. Sin. 42, 27-34.
Quan, R., Shang, M., Zhang, H., Zhao,Y., and Zhang, J. (2004). Engineering of enhanced glycine betaine synthesis improves drought tolerance in maize. Plant Biotechnology journal, 2, pp. 477 – 489.
Rizhsky, L., Liang, H., Shman, J., Shulaev, V., Davletova, S. and Mittler, R. (2004). When defense pathways collide. The Response of Arabidopsis to a combination of drought and Heat stress. plant physiology, 134: 1683– 1696.
Rontein, D., Basset, G., Hanson, A. D. (2002). Metabolic engineering of osmoprotectants accumulation in plants. Metabolic Engineering, 4:49-56.
Sairam, R.K. and Srivastava, G. C. (2002). Changes in antioxidant activity in sub- cellular fraction of tolerant and suceptible wheat genotypes to long term salt stress. Plant Sci. 162: 897-904
Scott H.D., De Angulo J., Daniels M.B. and Wood L.S. (1989). Flood duration effect on soybean growth and yield Agronomy Journal 81,631-636.
Unyayar, S., keles, Y. and Unal, E. (2004). proline and ABA levels in two sunflower Genotypes subjected to water stress. Bulg. J. Plant Physiol. 30(3-4), 34-47.
Valentovic, P., Luxova, M., Kolarovic, L., Gasparikova, O., (2006). Effects of osmotic stress on compatible solutes content membrane stability and water relations in two maize cultivars. Plant soil Environ. 52, (4): 186-191.
Xing, H., Tan, L., An, L., Zhao, Z., Wang, S., Zhang, C., (2004) Evidence for the involvement of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in osmotic stress tolerance of wheat seedlings: Inverse correlation between leaf abscisic acid accumulation and leaf water loss. Plant Growth Regul., 42: 61-68
Yordanov, I., Velikova, V., Tsoner, T. (2003). Plant responses to drought and stress tolerance Bulg. J. Plant Physiol., Special Issue 2003, 187-206.
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آلیاری، ه، شکاری، ف، (1379). دانههای روغنی ـ زراعت و فیزیولوژی انتشارات عمیدی تبریز، صفحه 147 – 170.
مظفریان، و. (1383). ردهبندی گیاهی، کتاب دوم: دو لپهایها، انتشارات امیرکبیر تهران، صفحه 258.
Alexieva, V., Sergiv, I., Mapelli, S., and karanov, E. (2001). The effect of drought and ultraviolet radiation on growth and stress markers in pea and wheat. Plant cell & Environment, vol, 24, page 1337.
Bacanamwo, M., Purcell, L.C., (1999). Soybean root morphological and anatomical traits associated with acclimation to flooding. CropScience 39:143-149.
Bates, L. S., Waldern, R. P. and Teare, T. D., (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies, Plant Soil, 39: 205-207.
Blokhina, O., Virolainen, E., Fagerstedt, K.V., (2003). Antioxidants, Oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress. Ann. Bot. 91: 179-194.
Bohnert, H. J. (2002). What makes desiccation tolerable? Genome Biol. 1: 1010– 1010.
Boru, G., Vantoal, T., Alves, J., Hua, D. and Knee, M. (2003). Response of Soybean Oxygen Deficiency and Elevated Root-Zone Carbon Dioxide Concentration. Annals of Botany, 91: 447–453
Bray, A. E. (1997). Plant responses to water dificit. Trend in Plant Science, vol. 2, Issue 2, pp. 48 – 54.
Chaves, M. M., Maroco, J. P. and Perreira, J. S. (2003). Understanding plant response to drought-from gene to the whole plant. Functional plant Biology, 30, 239 – 264.
Eric J. W. V. and Laurentius A. C. J. V. (2004). Acclimation to soil flooding- sensing and signal transduction. Plant and soil. 245: 197–214.
Ford C.W. (1984) Accumulation of low molecular weight solutes in water- stressed tropical legumes. Phytochemistry 23, 1007-1015.
Fu, J., and Huang (2001). Involvement of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in the adaptation of two coolseason grasses to localized drought stress. Environ. Exp. Bot. 45: 105-114.
Gao, X–P., Warvg, X–F., Lu, Y-F., Zhang, I-J, Shen, Y-Y., Liang, Z., and Zhang, D_P. (2002). Jasmonic acid is involved in the water – stress–induced betaine accumulation in pear leaves. Plant, Cell & Environment, Vol. 27, Issue 4, page 497.
Geigenberger P. (2003). Response of plant metabolism to too little oxygen. curr. opin plant Biol. 6, 247-256.
Hokstra, F. A., Golovina, E. A., Buitink, J. (2001). Mechanisms of plant desiccation tolerance. Trends Plant Sci. 6:431-438.
Jiang, Y. and Huang, B. (2002). Protein alteration in tall fescue in response to drought stress and abscisic acid, Crop Science, 42, 202–207.
Kishor, K.P.B., Sangam, S., Amrutha, R.N., Laxim, P. S., Naidu, K. R., Rao, K. R. S. S., Rao, S., Reddy, K.J., Theriappan, P. and Sreenivasula, N. (2005). Regulation of Proline biosynthesis, degradation, Uptake and transport in higher plants: Its implications in plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Current Science. vol. 88, No. 3, pp. 424 – 438.
Lawlor, W.D., (2002). Limitation to photosynthesis in water-stressed leaves: stomata metabolism and the role of ATP. Annals of Botany, 89: 861-870
Meyer, R. F. and Boyer, J-S., (1981). Osmoregulation, solute distribution and growth in soybean seedlings having low water potential, Panta, 151, 482-489.
Mohd, R. I., Mohd, K. Y. and Marzian, M., (2004). Growth, water relation, stomatal conductance and proline concentration in water stressd Banana (Musa SPP.) plants. Asion Journal of plant sciences, 3(6): 709- 713.
Niki, T., and Gladish, D.K. (2001). Changes in growth and structure of pea primary (Pisum sativum L. CV. Alaska) as a result of sudden flooding. Plant cell physio. 42:694-702.
Onwugbuta–Enyi, J., (2004). Water balance and procimate composition in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L). Walps) Seedlings exposed to drought and flooding stress. Journal of Applied Sciences & Environmental management, Vol. 8, No. 2, PP.55-57.
Pattanagul, W. and Madore, M. A. (1999). Water dificit Effects on Raffinose family oligosaccharide metabolism in Coleus. Plant Physiology, vol 121, PP. 987– 993.
Pennypacker, B.W., Leats, K.L., Stout, W.L. and Hill, R.R., (1990). Techniques for stimulating field drought stress in green house. Agron, J., 82, 951-957.
Prado, F.E., Boero, C., Gallarodo, M. and Gonzalez, J.A., (2002). Effect of NaCl on germination, growth and soluble sugar content in Chenopodium quinoa willd seeds. Bot. Bull. Acal. Sin. 42, 27-34.
Quan, R., Shang, M., Zhang, H., Zhao,Y., and Zhang, J. (2004). Engineering of enhanced glycine betaine synthesis improves drought tolerance in maize. Plant Biotechnology journal, 2, pp. 477 – 489.
Rizhsky, L., Liang, H., Shman, J., Shulaev, V., Davletova, S. and Mittler, R. (2004). When defense pathways collide. The Response of Arabidopsis to a combination of drought and Heat stress. plant physiology, 134: 1683– 1696.
Rontein, D., Basset, G., Hanson, A. D. (2002). Metabolic engineering of osmoprotectants accumulation in plants. Metabolic Engineering, 4:49-56.
Sairam, R.K. and Srivastava, G. C. (2002). Changes in antioxidant activity in sub- cellular fraction of tolerant and suceptible wheat genotypes to long term salt stress. Plant Sci. 162: 897-904
Scott H.D., De Angulo J., Daniels M.B. and Wood L.S. (1989). Flood duration effect on soybean growth and yield Agronomy Journal 81,631-636.
Unyayar, S., keles, Y. and Unal, E. (2004). proline and ABA levels in two sunflower Genotypes subjected to water stress. Bulg. J. Plant Physiol. 30(3-4), 34-47.
Valentovic, P., Luxova, M., Kolarovic, L., Gasparikova, O., (2006). Effects of osmotic stress on compatible solutes content membrane stability and water relations in two maize cultivars. Plant soil Environ. 52, (4): 186-191.
Xing, H., Tan, L., An, L., Zhao, Z., Wang, S., Zhang, C., (2004) Evidence for the involvement of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in osmotic stress tolerance of wheat seedlings: Inverse correlation between leaf abscisic acid accumulation and leaf water loss. Plant Growth Regul., 42: 61-68
Yordanov, I., Velikova, V., Tsoner, T. (2003). Plant responses to drought and stress tolerance Bulg. J. Plant Physiol., Special Issue 2003, 187-206.