Comparison of two biofilm and suspension methods in the removal of heavy metals (lead) from industrial wastewater with Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella vulgaris microalgae.

Subject Areas : microalgae

Mohsen Mohebi ¹ , Mohammad Gholami Parashkoohi ^{2 *} , Ahmad mohammadi ³

1 - Department of Biosystem Engineering, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran.
2 - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran , Iran
3 - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran , Iran

Received: 2023-06-09 Accepted : 2024-10-06 Published : 2024-09-22

Keywords: microalgae, Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella vulgaris, biofilm, suspension,

Abstract :

Heavy metals are the first pollutant in water. Lead is one of the most dangerous heavy metals in the environment, which is known as one of the most toxic heavy metals due to its harmful effects on the human nervous system, circulatory system, kidney, and reproductive system. Among the various methods of removing heavy metals, we can mention biological absorbents such as microalgae. In this research, the bioabsorption capability of lead metal was measured by two microalgae, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Chlorella vulgaris, and the effect of parameters such as acidity, light intensity, temperature, density, and culture method on the amount of heavy metal absorption was investigated. Also, the ability of two microalgae production methods, biofilm, and suspension, were compared. The results showed that Sandesmus algae were a better absorbent than Chlorella vulgaris algae. Also, the biofilm production method had higher lead absorption compared to the suspension method in both Sandesmus and Chlorella vulgaris algae. As the temperature increased, the absorption of lead in microalgae increased. In both production methods, lead absorption had a uniform trend with increasing pH. At a density of 20 to 60 in both algae, a decreasing trend in lead absorption was observed, but from a density of 60 onwards in the suspension method and 80 onwards in the biofilm method, an increasing trend in lead absorption was observed in microalgae. With the increase of contact time from 60 to 110 minutes in both suspension and biofilm methods and in Chlorella and Sandesmus algae, the amount of lead absorption increased. In the end, the method of biofilm and Scenedesmus obliquus algae was suggested for lead absorption

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