Resistance comparison of one-year old seedlings of Cappadocian Maple (Acer cappadocicum) and European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) under soil contaminated by lead
Subject Areas : GeneticHooman Abbasi 1 , Mohammadreza Pourmajidian 2 , Seyed mohammad hodjat 3 , اصغر فلاح 4
1 - گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی ساری، مازندان، ایران.
2 - گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی ساری، مازندان، ایران.
3 - گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی ساری، مازندان، ایران.
4 - دانشیار، رشته جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، مازندان، ایران
Keywords: Phytoremediation, photosynthesis, growth, Biomass, Seedling, Native tree,
Abstract :
Identifying tree species candidate for phytoremediation is very important. However, its prerequisite is conducting comprehensive studies on tree species and evaluation of the plants’ potential. The current research surveyed resistance of two native species of Hyrcanian forest Acer cappadocicum and Fraxinus excelsior at seedling stage. In this regard, one-year old seedlings of both species were grown under different concentrations of lead including 0, 100, 200, 300,400, and 500 milligram lead per kilogram soil during a growth season. During a growth season photosynthetic indexes such as gas exchange, net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and substomatal CO2 concentration as well as growth and biomass allocation were studied. The results showed that the presence of lead as a heavy metal led to decline of photosynthesis performance of both species but the inhibitory effects of Pb was less in seedlings of ash. Height and diameter growth as well as seedling biomass of both species were decreased by negative effects of lead but there was no considerable difference between two species. Our finding showed that under the experimental condition, there was no significant difference between resistances of two native species to lead contaminated soil but for making a better decision, further studies are necessary with stronger contamination and for a longer period.
Alavifazel, M., Naderi, A., Emam, Y., Ayeneh Band, A. and Lak, SH. (2010). Analysis of traits path effective on grain yield of maize hybrid single cross704 in irrigation-off conditions at growth stages, pattern and plant density. The Quarterly Academic Journal of Crop Physiology – I.A.U. Ahwaz. 10(2):15-25.
Al-Kaisi, M.M. and Yin, X. (2003). Effects of nitrogen rate, irrigation rate and plant population on corn yield and water use efficiency. Agronomy Journal. 95:1475-1482.
Berenguer, P., Santiveri, F., Boixadera, J. and Lloveras, J. (2009). Nitrogen fertilization of irrigated maize under Mediterranean conditions. European Journal Agronomy. 30: 163–171.
Biari, A., Gholami, A. and Rahmani, H.A. (2008). Growth Promotion and enhanced nutrient uptake of maize (Zea mays L.) by application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in arid region of Iran. Journal of Biological Science. 8: 1015-1020.
Blak, C.A. (2011). Soil Fertility Evaluation and Control. Lewis Publisher, London 415 pp.
Chandrasekar, B.R., Ambrose, G. and Jayabalan, N. (2005). Influence of biofertilizers and nitrogen source level on the growth and yield of Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb) Link. Journal of Agricultural Technology. 1(2): 223-234.
Cox, W.J., kalonge, S., Cherney, D.J.R. and Reid, W.S. (1993). Growth yield, and quality of forage maize under – different nitrogen management practices. Agronomy Journal. 85:341-347.
Habashy, N.R. Abou El-Khair, A.W. and Zaki, R.N. (2008). Effect of organic and bio-fertilizer on phosphorus and some micronutrients availability in a Calcareous soil. Reserch Journal Agriculture and Biological Science. 4: 545-552.
Hamidi, A., Chokan, R., Asghar Zadeh, A., Dehghan shoaar, M., ghalavand, A. and Malakoti, M. J. (2009). The effect of use bacterial growth promoting (PGPR) on the phenology of late maturitu hybrid. Iranian Journal of Crop Science. 11:270-249.
Hamidi, A., Ghalavand, M., Malacoti, M.G., Asgharzadeh, A. and Chogan, R. (2010). The effects of plant growth promoting bacteria feeding on corn yield. Research and Development in Agriculture and Horticulture. 70: 22-16.
Hanan, S.S. Mona, G.A. and El-Alia, H.I. (2008). Yield and yield components of maize as affected by different sources and application rates of nitrogen fertilizer. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 4: 399-412.
Kader, M.A., Main, M.H. and Hoque, M.S. (2002). Effects of Azotobacter inoculant on the yield and nitrogen uptake by wheat. Journal of Biology Science 2: 259-261.
Khavari, S. (2010). The need for industrial production of bio-fertilizers in the country. Sinai Publishing. pp 420.
Majidian, M., Ghalavand, E.A.L. and Karimian, N.A. (2006). Effect of drought stress, nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer at different growth stages on corn crop characteristics. Conference ecological Iran.October 26-25, Gorgan University. 3108-3099.
Masodi Kia, M. and Azizi, K.H. (2012). The effect of planting date and plant density on yield, yield components and protein red bean varieties. Journal of Agricultural Science. 1(2): 1-14.
Mazaheri, M. (2004). The effect of plant density and row spacing on morphological characteristics, yield and protein content of two chickpea cultivars, agricultural. Journal of Agricultural Technology. 2(6): 7-107.
Mohamadian, M. and Malakoti, M.J. (2002). Evaluate the effects of two types of compost on soil physical and chemical properties and corn yield. Journal of Soil and Water Sciences. 16(2): 150-144.
Moll, R.H., Kamprath, E.J. and Jackson, W.A. (1982). Analysis and interpretation of factors which contribute to efficiency of nitrogen utilization. Agronomy Journal. 74: 562-564.
Naserirad, H., Soleymanifard, A. and Naseri, R. (2011). Effect of integrated application of bio-fertilizer on grain yield, yield components and associated traits of maize Cultivars. American-Eurasian Journal Agricultural and Environmental Science, 10(2): 271-277.
Oikeh, S., Kling, O.J. and Okoruwa, A.E. (1998). Nitrogen fertilizer management effects on maize grain quality in the West African moist saranna. Crop Science.38: 1056 - 1061.
Osborne, S.L., Scheppers, J.S., Francis, D.D. and Schlemmer, M.R. (2002). Use of spectral radiance to in - season biomass and grain yield in nitrogen and water - stressed corn. Crop Science. 42: 165-171.
Rajendran, K. and Devarj, P. (2013). Biomass and nutrient distribution and their return of Casuarina equisetifolia inoculated with biofertilizers in farm land. Biomass and Bioenergy. 26: 235-249.
Reddy, B.N. and Sudhakarababu, S.N. (2000). Production potential and utilization and economics of fertilizer management in summer sunflower based crop. Indian Journal Agricalture Science 66: 16–19.
Zebart, B.J. and Sheard, R.W. (2001). Influence of rate timing of nitrogen fertilization on yield and quality of red winter wheat in Ontario. Plant Science.72: 13-19.
Yazdani, M., Bahmanyar, M.A., Pirdashti, H. and Esmaili, M.A. (2009). Effect of phosphate solubilization microorganisms and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and yield components of corn. International Journal of Biological and Life Sciences. 1: 2-7. (In Persian with English Summary).
Yasari, E. and Patwardhan, A.M. (2007). Effects of Aztobacter and Azospirillum inoculations and chemical fertilizers on growth and productivity of Canola. Asian Journal Plant Sciences. 6(1):77-82.