Effects of sodium nitroprusside and potassium silicate on the growth and flowering of Gazania rigens (L.)
Subject Areas : Plant Physiology
Zahra
Nasiri
1
(Department of Horticulture, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran)
Elham
Danaee
2
(Department of Horticulture, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran)
Keywords: Sodium nitroprusside, Potassium silicate, Gazania, Flower longevity, carotenoid,
Abstract :
Gazania, belongs to the family Asteraceae, is widely grown in gardens and other environments. The purpose of this study was to evaluated the effects of sodium nitroprusside and potassium silicate treatments on the growth and flowering of gazania. For these purposes, a completely randomized design was used, with three levels of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (25, 50 and 100 μM/l), potassium silicate (PS) at the concentration of 25, 50 and 100 mg/l and control. Some important traits such as fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, number of flowers, root volume, longest root length, plant height, cell membrane stability index, petiole carotenoid, leaf chlorophyll, protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity and flower longevity. It was observed that plan that shoot fresh/dry weight, flower number, root length, plant height, carotenoid, leaf chlorophyll was increased under 100 mg/l PS treatment. The results suggest that the application of 50 μM/l SNP has favorable effects on the raise root fresh/dry weight, root volume, cell membrane stability index, protein, SOD and POD activity. Over the growth stage, 50 mg/l PS was found to be the best treatment to maintain flower longevity with 7.2 days.
Ahmad, P., A.A. Abdel Latef, E.F. Abd_Allah, A. Hashem, M. Sarwat, N.A. Anjum and S. Guce. 2016. Calcium and potassium supplementation enhanced growth, osmolyte secondary metabolite production, and enzymatic antioxidant machinery in cadmium-exposed chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Front Plant Science, 7: 513.
Ahmad, P., M.A. AAhanger, P. Alam, M.N. Alyemeni, L. Wijaya, S. Ali and M. Ashraf. 2019. Silicon (Si) supplementation alleviates NaCl toxicity in mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] through the modifications of physio-biochemical attributes and key antioxidant enzymes. Journal of Plant Growth Regulator, 38: 70–82.
Barros, T.C., R. De Mello Prado, C. Garcia Roque, G. Ribeiro Barzotto and C. Roberto Wassolowski. 2018. Silicon and salicylic acid promote different responses in legume plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 41: 2116–2125.
Bradford M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72: 248-254.
Chen Y.X., L. Zou, P. Penttinen, Q. Chen, Q.Q. Li, C.Q. Wang and K.W Xu. 2018. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) nodulating rhizobia in panxi, china, are diverse at species, plant growth promoting ability, and symbiosis related gene levels. Front. Microbiology. 9: 1338.
Chen D. 2016. Silicon-moderated K-deficiency-induced leaf chlorosis by decreasing putrescine accumulation in sorghum. Annual Botany. 118: 305–315.
Chen D. 2016. Silicon moderated the K deficiency by improving the plant-water status in sorghum. Science Reports. 6: 1–14.
Danaee, E. and V. Abdossi. 2020. Effects of silicon and nano-silicon on some morpho-physiological and phytochemical traits of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) under salinity stress. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research. 37: 98-112(in Persian)
Danaee, E. and V. Abdossi. 2020. The effects of drought stress and sodium nitroprusside on growth indices and enzymatic activity of Satureja hortensis. Plant Research Journal (Iranian Biology Journal), 35: (in Persian)
Dallagnola, L.J., F.A. Rodriguesb, F.A. O. Tanakaa, L. Amorima, L.E.A and H. Camargo. 2012. Effect of potassium silicate on epidemic components of powdery mildew on melon. Plant Pathology, 61: 323–330.
Denton, M.D., Pearce D.J, Peoples M.B. 2012. Nitrogen contributions from faba bean (Vicia faba L.) reliant on soil rhizobia or inoculation. Plants Soil, 365: 363–374.
de Souza Junior, JP. 2021. Effect of different foliar silicon sources on cotton plants. Journal of Soil Science Plant Nutriation, 21: 95–103.
Doncheva, SN. 2009. Silicon amelioration of manganese toxicity in Mn-sensitive and Mn-tolerant maize varieties. Environmental Experiment Botany, 65: 189–197.
dos Santos Sarah, M.M. 2021. Silicon supplied via roots or leaves relieves potassium deficiency in maize plants. Silicon, 13: 1–10.
Ezhilmathi, K., V. Singh, P. Arora and R.K. Sairam. 2007. Effect of 5-sulfocalicylic acid on antioxidant in relation to vase life of gladiolus cut flower. Plant Growth Regulation. 51: 99-108.
Giannopolitis, C.N. and S.K., Ries. 1997. Superoxide Dismutases II. Purification and quantitative relationship with water-soluble protein in seedlings. Plant Physiology, 59: 315–318.
Gomaa, M.A., E.E. Kandil, A.A.M.Z. El-Dein, M.E.M. Abou-Donia, H.M. Ali and Abdelsalam N.R. 2021. Increase maize productivity and water use efficiency through application of potassium silicate under water stress. Science Reports, 11: 224
Habermann. E. 2021. How does leaf physiological acclimation impact forage production and quality of a warmed managed pasture of Stylosanthes capitata under different conditions of soil water availability? Science Total Environment. 759: 238–244.
Hafez, E.M., H.S. Osman., S. M. Gowayed., S.A. Okasha, A.E.D, Omara, R. Sami, Abd A. M. El-Monem and U. A. Abd El-Razek. 2021. Minimizing the adversely impacts of water deficit and soil salinity on maize growth and productivity in response to the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and silica nanoparticles. Agronomy. 11: 676.
Hasanuzzaman, M., M.H.M.B. Bhuyan, K. Nahar, S. Hossain, J. Al Mahmud, S. Hossen, A.A.C. Masud, M. Moumita and M. Fujita. 2018. Potassium: A vital regulator of plant responses and tolerance to abiotic stresses. Agronomy. 8, 31.
Hosseinzadeh Rostam Kalaei, M., V. Abdossi and E. Danaee. 2022. Evaluation of foliar application of selenium and fowering stages on selected properties of Iranian Borage as a medicinal plan. Scientifc Reports. 12: 1-10.
Kamenidou, S., T.J. Cavins and S. Marek. 2008. Silicon supplements affect horticultural traits of greenhouse-produced ornamental sunflowers. Horticultural Science. 43:236–239.
Kamenidou, S., T.J. Cavins and S. Marek. 2009. Evaluation of silicon as a nutritional supplement for greenhouse zinnia production. Scientia Horticultrae. 119:297–301.
Khalil, M.M.N. 2019. Effect of mineral fertilizers and biofertilization on some soil properties and faba bean productivity under saline soil conditions. Journal of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering. 10: 889–897.
Liang, Y., Q. Chen, Q. Liu, W. Zhang and R. Ding. 2003. Exogenous silicon (Si) increases antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces lipid peroxidation in roots of salt-stressed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Journal of Plant Physiology, 160: 1157–1164.
Lichtenthaler H.K. 1987. Plant cell membranes. Methods in Enzymology. 148: 48036–48041
Ma, J.F. 2004. Role of silicon in enhancing the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Soil Science Plant Nutrition, 50:11–18.
Machado, R.M. and R.P. Serralheiro. 2017. Soil salinity: Effect on vegetable crop growth. Management practices to prevent and mitigate soil salinization. Horticulturae. 3, 30.
Maghsoudi, K., Y. Emam and M. Pessarakli. 2016. Effect of silicon on photosynthetic gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, cell membrane stability and relative water content of different wheat cultivars under drought stress conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 39: 1001–1015.
Miao B.H., X. G. Han and W.H. Zhang. 2010. The ameliorative effect of silicon on soybean seedlings grown in potassium-deficient medium. Annual Botany. 2010. 105: 967–973.
Mostofi Y. and F. Najafi. 2005. Analytical laboratory methods in horticultural sciences. University of Tehran Press. 136 p
Nabi, R.B.S., R. Tayade R, A. Hussain, K.P. Kulkarni, Q.M. Imran, B.G. Mun, B.W. Yun. 2019. Nitric oxide regulates plant responses to drought, salinity, and heavy metal stress. Environmental Experience in Botany. 161: 120–133.
Nadeem, M., J. Li, M. Yahya., M. Wang, A. Ali, A. Cheng, X. Wang and C. Ma. 2019. Grain legumes and fear of salt stress: Focus on mechanisms and management strategies. International Journal of Molecular Science. 20: 799.
Naing, A.H., K. Lee, M. Arun, K.B. Lim and C.K. Kim. 2017. Characterization of the role of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) involved in long vase life of different carnation cultivars. BMC Plant Biology. 17:149.
Neil, S., L. Mattson and W. Roland Leatherwood. 2010. Potassium Silicate Drenches Increase Leaf Silicon Content and Affect Morphological Traits of Several Floriculture Crops Grown in Peat-based Substrate. Horticultural Science. 45:43–47.
Pagnussat G. C., M. L. Lanteri, M. C. Lombardo and L Lamattina. 2004. Nitric oxide mediates the indole acetic acid induction activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade involved in adventitious root development. Plant Physiol. 135:279–286
Pessarakli, M. and I. Szabolcs. 2010. Soil Salinity and Sodicity as Particular Plant/Crop Stress Factors. In Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress, 3rd ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA. pp. 3–21
Polle, A., T. Otter and F. Seifert. 1994. Apoplastic peroxidases and lignification in needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.). Plant Physiology, 106: 53-60
Qadir, M., A.S. Qureshi and S. A. M. Cheraghi. 2008. Extent and characterisation of salt-affected soils in Iran and strategies for their amelioration and management. Land Degradation & Development. 19: 214–227.
Rodrigues, F.A., H.S.S. Duarte, G.P. Domiciano, C.A. Souza, G.H. Korndörfer and L. Zambolim. 2009. Foliar application of potassium silicate reduces the intensity of soybean rust. Australas. Plant Pathology. 38: 366–372.
Singh, A., J. Kumar and P. Kumar. 2008. Effect of plant growth regulators and sucrose on post-harvest physiology, membrane stability and vase life of cut spikes of Gladiolus, Journal of Plant Growth Regulator. 55: 221-229
Soroori, S. and E. Danaee. 2023. Effects of Foliar Application of Citric Acid on Morphological and Phytochemical Traits of Calendula officinalis L. under Drought Stress Conditions. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 10: 361-374
Yaghubi, K., N. Ghaderi, Y. Vafaee and T. Javadi. 2016. Potassium silicate alleviates deleterious effects of salinity on two strawberry cultivars grown under soilless pot culture. Scientia Horticulture. 2213: 87–95.
Youssef Moustafa, A.M., A. Ismail Khodair and F.M. Hammouda. 2007. Phytochemical investigation and α-cellulose content determination of Gazania splendens Moore. Research Journal of Phytochemistry. 1: 21-32.