Biocompatible Nanocomposite Film of Potato Starch/𝘊𝘰𝘭𝘦𝘶𝘴 𝘴𝘤𝘶𝘵𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘰𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘴 Anthocyanin Extract with Incorporated Nanorod-Zinc Oxide to Increase Sensory and Chemical Quality of Peanut

Subject Areas : Microbiology

Naiymeh sheykholeslami ¹ , Reihaneh Jahangiri ² , Mahdieh Tabatabayi ^{3 *} , Narmin Nabeghvatan ^{4 *} , Olivia Zhara ⁵

1 - Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2 - Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
4 - Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz P.O. Box 51666-16471, Iran
5 - Veterinary Mycology Group, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain

Received: 2025-01-27 Accepted : 2025-04-15 Published : 2025-08-29

Keywords: Antifungal, Biodegradable, Chemical reaction, Oxidation, Quality, Storage,

Abstract :

In this work, the effect of potato/Coleus scutellarioides anthocyanin extract (CSAE) and potato/CSAE/1, 3, and 5% (w/w) ZnO nanorod (ZnO-N) packaging on chemical and microbiological and sensory properties of peanut kernels stored at 40 °C for 60 days were studied. Changes in chemical characteristics such as moisture content, peroxide value (PV), free fatty acidity (FFA), and sensory properties such as flavor and color indices and microbiological quality were tracked in the peanuts during storage in biodegradable packaging. Active packaging containing 5% ZnO-N inhibited primary products of lipid oxidation and it was showed by lower FFA and PV values with 0.33 g oleic acid/100 g oil and 0.66 meq O₂ kg⁻¹ oil at the last preservation. On the 60 day, mold and yeast content was evaluated as 2.35 log CFU g^-1 in peanuts packed with 5 ZnO-N whereas the mold and yeast content of kernels was measured as 3.47 log CFU g^-1 packaged with potato/CSAE. The neat sample indicated the lowest moisture content of kernels (5.4%) than the 5% ZnO-N (6.9%). The flavor and color values of kernels packaged with potato/CSAE reached 2.7 and 2.5 respectively, and the highest values were observed in peanuts packaged containing %5 nanoadditives. Our findings indicate that bionanocomposite film could be utilized to extend shelf life, increase sensory and microbiological properties, and inhibit oxidation reactions of kernel peanuts during storage.

References:

Aghayan NS, Abbasi MS, Etemadi Razlighi A, Kokabian, A, Fallah N, Grace M (2024) The Effect of Roselle Calyx Extract and Nano-ZnO Biofilm on Walnut's Chemical and Sensory Properties. Journal of Nuts. 1(15), 19-30.
Al-Mafarjy SS, Suardi N, Ahmed NM, Kernain D, Alkatib HH, Dheyab MA (2024) Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles from Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth leaves and assessment of anticancer and antioxidant properties. Inorganic Chemistry Communications. 161, 112052.
Cakmak-Arslan G (2022) Monitoring of Hazelnut oil quality during thermal processing in comparison with extra virgin olive oil by using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. Spectrochimica Acta Part A. Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 266, 120461.
Chatrabnous N, Yazdani N, Tavallali V, Vahdati K (2018) Preserving quality of fresh walnuts using plant extracts. LWT 91, 1-7.
Chavoshi N, Marvizadeh MM, Fallah N, Rezaeisavadkouhi N, Mohammadi Nafchi A (2023) Application of Novel Nano-biopackaging Based on Cassava Starch/Bovine Gelatin / Titanium oxide nanoparticle/Fennel Essential Oil to Improve Quality of the Raw Fresh Pistachio. Journal of Nuts. 14(1), 19-31.
Çiftçi S, Suna G (2022) Functional components of peanuts (Arachis Hypogaea L.) and health benefits: A review. Future Foods. 5, 100140.
Davoodi F, Naji, MH (2018) Study of the effect of sodium alginate coating containing pomegranate peel extract on chemical, sensory and microbial quality of walnut kernel. Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal. 5(4), 249-257
do Lago, RC, de Oliveira, ALM, Dias, MC, de Carvalho, EEN, Denzin T, Gustavo H, de Barros VB, Eduardo V (2020). Obtaining cellulosic nanofibrils from oat straw for biocomposite reinforcement: Mechanical and barrier properties. Industrial Crops and Products. 148, 112264.
Ebrahimian P, Najafi A, Abedinia AR (2024) Effect of Nanoencapsulated Pistachio Green Hull Extract in the Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Soy Protein Isolate Edible Coatings on Shelf-Life Quality of Fresh Pistachio. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation. 5524814.
El-Sayed SM, El-Sayed H S, Ibrahim OA, Youssef AM (2020) Rational design of chitosan/guar gum/zinc oxide bionanocomposites based on Roselle calyx extract for Ras cheese coating. Carbohydrate Polymers. 239, 116234.
Fallah N, Marvizadeh MM, Jahangiri R, Zeinalzadeh A, Mohammadi Nafchi (2022) High-Barrier and Light–protective Bionanocomposite Film Based on Rye Starch/nanorod-ZnO for Food Packaging Applications. Journal of Chemical Health Risks. 13(2), 299-304.
Fallah N, Nabeghvatan N, Sadeghi T, Etemadi Razlighi A, Marvizadeh MM, Mohammadi Nafchi A (2023) Antimicrobial and Hydrophilic Behavior of Soluble Soy Polysaccharide Starch/Cold Water Fish Gelatin Films Incorporated with Nano-Titanium Dioxide. Journal of Chemical Health Risks. 14(2), 291-298.
Habibie A, Yazdani N, Saba MK, Vahdati K (2019) Ascorbic acid incorporated with walnut green husk extract for preserving the postharvest quality of cold storage fresh walnut kernels. Scientia Horticulturae 245, 193-199.
Hematian F, Baghaie H, Mohammadi Nafchi A, Bolandi M (2022) The effects of Coleus scutellarioides extract on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of fish gelatin active films. Journal of Food and Bioprocess Engineering. 5(1), 9-15.
Huntrakul K, Yoksan R, Sane A, Harnkarnsujarit N (2020). Effects of pea protein on properties of cassava starch edible films produced by blown-film extrusion for oil packaging. Food Packaging and Shelf Life. 24, 100480.
Indumathi MP, Rajarajeswari GR (2019) Mahua oil-based polyurethane/chitosan/nano ZnO composite films for biodegradable food packaging applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 124, 163-174.
Jakobina M, Łyczko J, Szumny A, Galek R. (2024). Plant In Vitro Cultures of Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. “Electric Lime” and Possibilities of Modification in the Biosynthesis of Volatile Compounds. Molecules. 29(10), 2193.
Javidi S, Mohammadi Nafchi A, Hashemi Moghadam H (2022). Synergistic effect of nano-ZnO and Mentha piperita essential oil on the moisture sorption isotherm, antibacterial activity, physicochemical, mechanical, and barrier properties of gelatin film. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. 16(2), 964-974.
Kassie FC, Nguepjop J R, Ngalle HB, Assaha DV, Gessese MK, Abtew WG, Bell JM (2023) An Overview of Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Genes. 14(6), 1176.
Kazemi MM, Hashemi-Moghaddam H, Mohammadi Nafchi A, Ajodnifar H (2020) Application of modified packaging and nano ZnO for extending the shelf life of fresh pistachio. Journal of Food Process Engineering. 43(12), e13548.
Luchese CL, Uranga J, Spada JC, Tessaro IC, de la Caba K (2018) Valorisation of blueberry waste and use of compression to manufacture sustainable starch films with enhanced properties. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 115, 955-960.
Machad M, Rodriguez-Alcalá LM, Gomes AM, Pintado M (2023) Vegetable oils oxidation: mechanisms, consequences and protective strategies. Food Reviews International. 39(7), 4180-4197.
Majeed T, Dar AH, Pandey, VK, Dash KK, Srivastava S, Shams R, Pandiselvam R (2023) Role of additives in starch-based edible films and coating: A review with current knowledge. Progress in Organic Coatings. 181, 107597.
Martín MP, Nepote V, Grosso NR (2016) Chemical, sensory, and microbiological stability of stored raw peanuts packaged in polypropylene ventilated bags and high barrier plastic bags. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 68, 174-182.
Martín MP, Asensio, CM, Nepote V, Grosso, NR. (2018). Improving Quality Preservation of Raw Peanuts Stored under Different Conditions During a Long-Term Storage. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. 120(9), 1800150.
Marvizadeh MM, Mohammadi Nafchi A, Jokar M (2014) Preparation and Characterization of Novel Bionanocomposite Based on Tapioca Starch/Gelatin/Nanorod-rich ZnO: Towards Finding Antimicrobial Coating for Nuts. Journal of Nuts. 5(2), 39-47.
Marvizadeh MM, Mohammadi Nafchi A, Jokar M (2016) Obtaining and Characterization of Bionanocomposite Film Based on Tapioca Starch/Bovine Gelatin/Nanorod Zinc Oxide. Paper presented at the Conference: Food Structure and Design. Antalya, turkey.
Marvizadeh MM, Mohammadi Nafchi A, Jokar M (2018) Improved Physicochemical Properties of Tapioca Starch/Bovine Gelatin Biodegradable Films with Zinc Oxide Nanorod. Journal of Chemical Health Risks. 4(4), 25-31.
Marvizadeh MM, Oladzadabbasabadi N, Mohammadi Nafchi A, Jokar M (2017) Preparation and characterization of bionanocomposite film based on tapioca starch/bovine gelatin/nanorod zinc oxide. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 99, 1-7.
Marvizadeh MM, Tajik A, Moosavian V, Oladzadabbasabadi Nazila, Mohammadi Nafchi AR (2021) Fabrication of Cassava Starch/Mentha piperita Essential Oil Biodegradable Film with Enhanced Antibacterial Properties. Journal of Chemical Health Risks. 11(1), 23-29.
Moektiwardoyo M, Rositah S, Kusuma SAF (2019) Immunomodulatory activity of Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br. leaves ethanolic extract and its fraction on rat using carbon clearance method. Drug Invention Today. 11(11), 2990-2995.
Mohammadi Nafchi A, Cheng LH, Karim AA (2011) Effects of plasticizers on thermal properties and heat sealability of sago starch films. Food Hydrocolloids. 25(1), 56-60.
Moosavian V, Marvizadeh MM, Mohammadi Nafchi A (2017) Biodegradable Films Based on Cassava Starch/Mentha piperita Essence: Fabrication, Characterization and Properties. Journal of Chemical Health Risks. 7(3), 239-245.
Nader J, Afif C, Louka N (2021) Impact of a novel partial defatting technology on oxidative stability and sensory properties of peanut kernels. Food Chemistry. 334, 127581.
Nansu W, Chaiwwut P, Sukunya ROSS, Gareth ROSS, Suphrom, Nungruthai N, Mahasaranon S (2021). Developments of biodegradable polymer based on polylactic acid (PLA) with natural color extracts for packaging film applications. Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals. 31(3), 127-133.
Nobari A, Marvizadeh MM, Sadeghi T, Rezaeisavadkouhi N, Mohammadi Nafchi A (2022). Flavonoid and Anthocyanin Pigments Characterization of Pistachio Nut (Pistacia vera) as a Function of Cultivar. Journal of Nuts. 13(4), 313-322.
Pires J, Paula CDD, Souza VGL, Fernando AL, Coelhoso I (2021) Understanding the Barrier and Mechanical Behavior of Different Nanofillers in Chitosan Films for Food Packaging. Polymers. 13(5), 721.
Sun J, Jiang H, Wu H, Tong C, Pang J, Wu C (2020) Multifunctional bionanocomposite films based on konjac glucomannan/chitosan with nano-ZnO and mulberry anthocyanin extract for active food packaging. Food Hydrocolloids. 107, 105942.
Taghipour S, Ehtesham Nia A, Hokmabadi‬ H, Martínez-Gómez P (2024) Physicochemical and quality characters of fresh pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars in response to chitosan/ZnO nanocomposite coating. Food Chemistry. 435, 137136.
Tavakoli H, Rastegar H, Taherian M, Samadi M, Rostami H (2017) The effect of nano-silver packaging in increasing the shelf life of nuts: An in vitro model. Italian Journal of Food Safty. 6(4), 6874.
Vera P, Canellas E, Nerín C (2018) New Antioxidant Multilayer Packaging with Nanoselenium to Enhance the Shelf-Life of Market Food Products. Nanomaterials. 8(10), 837.
Wang F, Xie C, Tang H, Li H, Hou J, Zhang R, Jiang L (2023) Intelligent packaging based on chitosan/fucoidan incorporated with coleus grass (Plectranthus scutellarioides) leaves anthocyanins and its application in monitoring the spoilage of salmon (Salmo salar L.). International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 252, 126423.
Yang KM, Cheng, MC, Ye ZS, Chu, LP, Chen HC (2022) Chemical Properties of Peanut Oil from Arachis hypogaea L. ‘Tainan 14’ and Its Oxidized Volatile Formation. Molecules. 27(20), 6811.