Contextual Architecture in Strengthening Urban Identity and Sustainable Tourism Case Study: Ecotourism Resorts on the Coast of Makran

Subject Areas : architecture

Maryam Gheymati ^{1 *} , Nasim Ashrafi ² , Ghazal Safdarian ³

1 - PhD student in Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Pardis Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Campus Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Pardis Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Received: 2025-02-28 Accepted : 2025-07-09 Published : 2025-07-15

Keywords: Contextual architecture, urban identity, sustainable tourism, eco-lodges, Makran beaches, AHP method,

Abstract :

The Makran coastal region in southeastern Iran is characterized by exceptional natural landscapes, diverse cultural traditions, and significant geopolitical importance, offering a compelling foundation for sustainable tourism development initiatives. Despite its extraordinary potential, development efforts in this region have often been fragmented, uncoordinated, and implemented through top-down approaches that inadequately address local environmental, cultural, and social contexts. These shortcomings have led to the erosion of indigenous cultural identity, degradation of fragile coastal ecosystems, and the systematic marginalization of local communities from meaningful participation in tourism planning and decision-making processes
This research investigates the role of context-oriented (vernacular) architecture in reinforcing regional and urban identity while promoting sustainable tourism development. It specifically focuses on the design, planning, and implementation of eco-lodges in coastal settlements throughout the Makran region. Adopting a mixed-methods research approach, the study integrates descriptive–analytical methods with detailed, extensive fieldwork. Data collection was conducted through semistructured interviews with local experts, community leaders, and tourism stakeholders; standardized surveys administered to residents and tourists; and the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for the systematic evaluation and prioritization of architectural design criteria and planning strategies
The study’s findings highlight several critical components that significantly influence the success of eco-lodge design. These include the preservation and authentic articulation of cultural identity, the use of locally sourced and sustainable building materials, traditional construction techniques, the adoption of climate-responsive passive design strategies, and the facilitation of genuine, inclusive community participation throughout the entire planning and design process. Specifically, integrating indigenous cultural narratives, local symbolism, and vernacular craft traditions into architectural forms strengthens placebased identity, ensures cultural continuity, and offers visitors an immersive, authentic experience that deepens emotional connections between guests and hosts
Moreover, passive design solutions such as optimal building orientation in relation to solar exposure and prevailing winds, maximized natural ventilation, effective shading systems, and the strategic use of thermal massing reduce overall energy consumption while maintaining user comfort in the region’s harsh, arid coastal climate. Prioritizing the use of local materials and labor not only reduces environmental impacts associated with transportation and manufacturing but also lowers overall construction costs while revitalizing the local economy. This approach supports employment opportunities, preserves valuable traditional building knowledge, and fosters local pride and ownership in the tourism development process. Additionally, the research emphasizes the importance of participatory planning and community-led decision-making frameworks that empower local populations to actively shape tourism development in ways that align with their cultural values, economic needs, and environmental priorities. By presenting a context-sensitive design framework rooted in vernacular architectural principles, this study provides practical recommendations and guidance for architects, urban designers, planners, and policymakers engaged in developing sustainable tourism infrastructure in culturally and environmentally sensitive coastal regions such as Makran. Ultimately, the research argues that vernacular architecture should not be regarded merely as an aesthetic preference or nostalgic gesture but as an integrated, adaptive strategy for achieving sustainable development that balances tradition and innovation, respects local knowledge systems, and supports global environmental goals

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