A Theoretical Framework for Designing Virtual Architectural Space Based on Trust in Human-Computer Interaction 4Th Wave

Subject Areas : architecture

Seyedeh Mastoureh Mousavi ¹ , Vahid Shali Amini ^{2 *} , Mehdi Khakzand ³ , Morteza Rahbar ⁴ , Parisa Alimohammadi ⁵

1 - PhD candidate, Department of architecture, Azad Islamic University Central Branch, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Azad Islamic University Central Branch, Tehran, Iran.
3 - Associate Professor of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Landscape, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
4 - Assistance Professor, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
5 - Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Azad Islamic University Central Branch, Tehran, Iran.

Received: 2024-06-23 Accepted : 2025-01-01 Published : 2025-01-26

Keywords: Human-Computer Interaction, Virtual Reality, Trust, Virtual Architectural Space,

Abstract :

The 4^th wave of the human-Computer interaction (HCI) refers to the entanglement of a new form of interactive process between humans and emerging technologies and their presence in today’s human life. With an emphasis on the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI), social robotics, virtual reality (VR), neural implants, cyber-physical systems, smart spaces, and autonomous vehicles (AVs), recent scientific literature has recognized the necessity of the human-computer interaction (HCI) 4^th wave to show how human-machine interaction has turned into an ambiguous subject given human-technology boundaries. By reviewing, analyzing, and conceptually framing the literature, this study aimed to find possible relationships between the involved disciplines and architectural literature gaps. The obtained results can be used to (1) determine research gaps in the field of HCI from an architectural perspective to eliminate bias against emerging technologies, (2) theoretically explain how to design a virtual architectural space while considering those gaps, and (3) recommend a path for future studies. Given the research's goal and to develop the theoretical foundations, aiming at achieving a comprehensive concept that will go through the integration of the components of different fields of knowledge, systematic and content analyses have been used. The latent content and the thematic connection of the literature were analyzed using a structured and precise method. In the first stage, a broad range of literature with a rich variety of keywords was investigated, based on which the main keywords were extracted for final analysis and coding in three specific layers and different disciplines. To this end, 242 articles published between 2017 and 2022, as well as 21 doctoral theses published between 2019-2022 were reviewed. In the second stage, with the final screening, 73 articles were analyzed more closely using the thematic analysis method in MAXQDA and were categorized into 5 main codes and 17 sub-groups.

The findings of the content analysis suggest that the level of knowledge of HCI and its subgroup in the 4^th HCI wave is theoretically and practically evolving. Importance of HCI and its extensive use in different disciplines. This is because it accounted for 59% of the extracted content, followed by “Trust” with 19%, indicating the importance of the subject. The low frequency of design codes can be attributed to anthropological factors because there is still limited information about the users' awareness, preferences, and needs, and how this matter affects the design of virtual architectural space. This relationship has been less architecturally discussed and thus lacks a comprehensive definition.

Results Showed In this stage, building up trust through anthropologically designed environments can encourage further use of this new lifestyle. It should be considered that trust in technology and machines is volatile as it is a form of feeling that varies in different situations. This study emphasizes that anthropologically informed design in virtual and intelligent environments is essential for enhancing human-technology interaction and a design based on trust-centered anthropological approaches increases the chance of welcoming emerging technologies and interacting with virtual spaces.

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