Journal of History: 4 (20)

Open Access Article

1 - The Russian Empire’s Expansionism in Persian Gulf and the Ottoman Empire’s Stance in This Respect
loghman dehghan nere abbas ashure nezhad

Starting from the second half of the 19th century (13th AH), especially during the last quarter of that century, the Russian Empire – through partial control over Iranian Shah and court – paved their way to Persian Gulf, striving to materialize their long-la More

Starting from the second half of the 19th century (13th AH), especially during the last quarter of that century, the Russian Empire – through partial control over Iranian Shah and court – paved their way to Persian Gulf, striving to materialize their long-lasting dream of gaining mastery over Persian Gulf; and, provisionally, they gained considerable success in this respect. These Russian measures were taking place at a period when the Ottoman Empire – as a compensation for their failure in Europe – was earnestly looking for ways of revitalizing their glorious past dominance over Persian Gulf region, so as not to be left out of the internatiKey Words: Russia, Ottoman, Persian Gulf, Basra, Bushehronal circles of power. Therefore, the expansionist attitudes of the Russian and Ottoman Empires culminated in their confrontation on the shores and inland areas of Persian Gulf. After a long series of ups and downs, Russians failed in realizing their dreams, mainly owing to: British policy in supporting the Ottoman Empire; Ottomans’ improving their strongholds at Basra; German-Ottoman coalition; and, ultimately, conclusion of 1907- (1325 AH) treaty Manuscript profile

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2 - gf
rajab ali vsughe motlagh

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ghjg Manuscript profile

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3 - Reasons and Quality of the Conversation of Sultan Ahmed Tequder and Sultan Mahmud Ghazan to Islam
amir sphrevad

One of the  most important events in the course of  Ilkhanid era was the Conversation of Sultan Ahmed Tequder in 681  AH and Sultan Mahmud Ghazan to Islam In the year AH. Conversation of  Ilkhans to Islam has direct impact in legitimacy and Strengthe More

One of the  most important events in the course of  Ilkhanid era was the Conversation of Sultan Ahmed Tequder in 681  AH and Sultan Mahmud Ghazan to Islam In the year AH. Conversation of  Ilkhans to Islam has direct impact in legitimacy and Strengthening the power base and as well as formation, Development of Iranian culture.  In most research on religion and Islamism took place in contemporary Iran reflecting comments of earlier Iranian historians to be seen. This researchers ,As scientific research is worthy, have not paid attention to Ilkanid Opposing viewpoints resource, especially Arabic Research in the Mamluks territory and European Researchers . so have not research about the hidden and neglected angles of the Conversation of Ilkhanid Sultans. Considering the importance of acceptance of Islam by the the Mongols Rulers,the present article attempts according to available resources to examine  Motives and causes of religious behavior in two of Ilkhans . and studied its effects on domestic and foreign relations in comparative study. Manuscript profile

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4 - Persian gulf (in history and geography sources of fourth AH/ Tenth Ac)
javad horve

In iran،s history , Persian Gulf is an eternal truth that history pages always has approved  it . One of  the most important ages always has approved  it . One  of  the most important ages of iran s history that now has provided the existence of More

In iran،s history , Persian Gulf is an eternal truth that history pages always has approved  it . One of  the most important ages always has approved  it . One  of  the most important ages of iran s history that now has provided the existence of Persian languge and shiids religion , H.forth century / tenth .G. , and on the other hand is the golden age of  Iran after lslam . In this period because of governing of Samanids and Buyids s government , most of  incidents are exposed to the changes of  this two political power and also Abbasids  governmend . so this alloy comes to exist that whether or not, in this situation , paying attention to areas such as Persian  Guolf  among historical and geographical sources has been forgoten. In present research has been tried to according to the most important sources of  H. forth century, the significant and complete existence of  Persian Gulf area and its role in political and economical changes of this era is considered  Manuscript profile

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5 - Amir Ali SHirNavaei and his political and cultural Role at the age Of Timurid
amir temori ehteram asfene frahane

Amir Nezam Al DIN, Ali SHirNavaei , The son Of Amir KichkenehBahador, was born in Herat in 844 (AH) Turk Family. he  serviced As the governor of Herat,forAbulGHasem  Babar in Horassan.at the same time for the efection to SoltanHossainBayqarawich he had from hi More

Amir Nezam Al DIN, Ali SHirNavaei , The son Of Amir KichkenehBahador, was born in Herat in 844 (AH) Turk Family. he  serviced As the governor of Herat,forAbulGHasem  Babar in Horassan.at the same time for the efection to SoltanHossainBayqarawich he had from his youth, and both of them studidi in the same school ,joined the Timuridhings. After AbulGHasem Babar’s death,he continued his studies in Mashhad.in order to gain power ,SoltanHussain  went to Maiv, and Amir Ali AHir went to Samarkend at the age of Abu Saeid and studied in the school of HGajeFazl Allah Abulleishi,after that until Sultan Husseain a sized power in Herat (873 A.M)Amir Ali SHir served him.from the onest of Sultan Hussain rule ,he became one of his most important Amirs and counseors. He was in charge or keeping the great sel of Homayoon, and then was appointed ss the KKing emirates positions in Timuridsgovernment.heplyed a very important role in political and  cultural stability Bayqara’s government and also he had a grea status in the history and literature of Iran, and improving ooettry and art in Heratin the ninth century (AH). He also played a great reole in promoting Turk language and  literature. Manuscript profile

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6 - Impression of Zahediyeh sect to Safavid's Sufism
abbas panahe

Sufism had enjoyed of penetration and more antiquity like other territory of Iran. Sheikh Zahed Guilani established Gnostic movement which had rarely differences with other mystical groups in Iran. However, the base of Zahediyeh's Sufism as on poverty and mendacity, but More

Sufism had enjoyed of penetration and more antiquity like other territory of Iran. Sheikh Zahed Guilani established Gnostic movement which had rarely differences with other mystical groups in Iran. However, the base of Zahediyeh's Sufism as on poverty and mendacity, but Sheikh Zahed because of  political and economical penetration which had found in Guilan, Shervan, Aran, Azarbayjan was respected by local and Ilkhani's kings.  In spite of the mass number of Sheikh Zahed folowers, Shervan's rulers was always shocked with fear and dread. Because Disciples of Sheikh were more than their forces. After joining Sheikh Safi –al - Din Ardebili to him, on the base of the heritage which Sheikh Zahed had carried to him, the mystical method was created by him. It seems, Sheikh Safi in spite of spiritual motivations and wealth had paid attention to the pecuniary of Sheikh till to increase his power in this way. Besides of this issue, Sheikh Safi, by transferring lordship  from Sheikh Zahed family to himself after getting married with Sheikh Zahed's daughter, provided the background of mixed thought of political civil of Iran for his dynasty. This article is investigating Zahediyeh's Sufism and its influence on Safavid Sufism. Manuscript profile

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7 - The representation of Islam factor in the historical reports of Qajar era.
mohsen khalili

History means research on events that at a certain time have been taken into account, observed and kept in mind by researchers and has built a structure of the story about same events. Reality is greater than history and in terms of number exceeds it highly. This leads More

History means research on events that at a certain time have been taken into account, observed and kept in mind by researchers and has built a structure of the story about same events. Reality is greater than history and in terms of number exceeds it highly. This leads into identity generating. In this sense, identity is a criterion that historical event can be studied based on it. As we speak of identity as a process, indeed, we have spoke of the continuity of phenomenon having become historical in response to the questions of a people, group, ethno or nation about his past. With reviewing eight historical works, writer has sought to study the factor of Islamic identity in historical reports of Qajar era Manuscript profile

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8 - The survey of important cause in attention and develope of esmailli revolte in Khorasan and transoxaiana (Samanid age)
parisa ghrban nezhad

Since third century-lunar calendar-the political, social and cultural conditions dominant in Khorasan and Mavera-0- Alnahr were so good that enabled different religious groups`presence and activities.One of these groups was Esmailian who had made special plansfor the de More

Since third century-lunar calendar-the political, social and cultural conditions dominant in Khorasan and Mavera-0- Alnahr were so good that enabled different religious groups`presence and activities.One of these groups was Esmailian who had made special plansfor the development of inviting and attracting disciples. The plans were scientific activities, attracting religious authorities and Samani authorities`via philosophical and polemical discussions, attracting deprivedlayers of society by using slogans like economic and social justice and inviting military authorities in order to defeat the regime, and intruding amongthe Turk. This article is going to study the main reasons for Esmailieh`s presence and it is developing invitation in Khorasan and Mavera-0- Alnahr Manuscript profile

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