Journal of History: 5 (17)

Open Access Article

1 - Islamic culture and educational institutions in Seljuk era
gholamreza montzve

Toghrol Beik established a huge Empire with his succor and ambition in 429-455 AH. Then, his descendants; i.e. Alp Arsalan (495-566 AH) and Malekshah Saljuki (485-495 AH) have prevailed the peace and security on their social and political dominion, with the help of thei More

Toghrol Beik established a huge Empire with his succor and ambition in 429-455 AH. Then, his descendants; i.e. Alp Arsalan (495-566 AH) and Malekshah Saljuki (485-495 AH) have prevailed the peace and security on their social and political dominion, with the help of their tactful and famouse minister's experiences – Khaaje Nezamolmolk Tousi- and then have reached the power and greatness of the Empire to the highest point. The learning spirits of rulers and their interest to build the welfare institutions, mosques, carvanserais, libraries, academic homes, hospitals, school houses; good management and competency of Iranian cultured ministers – particularly Khaaje Nezamol molk Toosi (485 AH)- provided a new chapter in the history of Islamic culture, especially the formation of scientific centers and schools that distinguish this age from previous periods so this age called: '' The Establishment Of School Movement ''. The movement that began in Baghdad with establishing the first Nezamieh school(459AH) and it wasn't long before its results and effects involved the social and political realm of the Abbasian Caliphate and Islamic east; during the cultural exchange, it turned to the model and example for scientific centers and ancient universities of Europe. Besides school ,other educational institutions such as: mosques, libraries, scholars' homes, hospitals, school houses have played an effective role in Islamic culture; developing and expanding of science and technology and training the scholars and scientists that this article attempt to introduce these institutions and cultural outstanding personage in this age as a brief. Manuscript profile

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2 - Discourse Transformation of Intellectual Newspapers Prior and after the Constitutional Movement (Based on Ghanoon, Roholghodos and Sur Esrafil)
sohela torabi

Long before the victory of the constitutional revolution, in the aftermath of sending the first  groups of Iranian students to Europe and as a result of their acquaintance with foundations and basic concepts of modern thought, Iranian intellectual movement came int More

Long before the victory of the constitutional revolution, in the aftermath of sending the first  groups of Iranian students to Europe and as a result of their acquaintance with foundations and basic concepts of modern thought, Iranian intellectual movement came into being. One of the devices to propagate modern ideas into Iran by these intellectuals was to publish newspapers. "Ghanoon", a newspaper published by Mirza Malkam Khan in London represented an important section of the intellectuals, and Iranian thinkers inside Iran were greatly influenced by ideas published in it. Mirza Malkom Khan, through the pages of "Ghanoon", propagated reform and development in the country's socio-economic and political structures based on a kind of limited and monitored liberalism. After the victory of the constitutional revolution an influential radical newspaper called "Sur-i Esrafil" was published by Mirza Jahangir Khan Sur-i Esrafil and Mirza Ali Akbar Khan Dehkhoda which represented the radical intellectuals. " Sur-i Esrafil", on one hand, believed in liberal political rights, and on the other hand, propagated a socialist program of economic justice. These radical intellectuals were mainly people of the middle class origin who believed in democratic radicalism. But, at the same time the constitutional revolution made it possible for a zealous ultra-radical group to enter the political spectrum, who did not have any relations with the modern intellectual movement and believed in the traditional Islamic egalitarianism. "Ruh ol' Qodos" published by Sheikh Ahmad Torbati, otherwise called Soltan ol'Olama Khorasani propagated the ideas of this group of egalitarian constitutionalists who wanted to gain justice from constitutionalism. What they perceived from justice was not just socio-economic and political structures, but only just actions and deeds performed by a just person Manuscript profile

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3 - Russian ultimatum to Iran and agha sheikh Mohammad Hosein Maghsoodlou
abolhasan shahvari fatemeh taghati

In terms of economic chaos in Iran , parliment got decision to invite the financial advisors . as an example of these counsellors was Morgan Shoster ( an American counsellor who will act aggressively ). shuster' measurs weren't pleasing to government who had poletical a More

In terms of economic chaos in Iran , parliment got decision to invite the financial advisors . as an example of these counsellors was Morgan Shoster ( an American counsellor who will act aggressively ). shuster' measurs weren't pleasing to government who had poletical and economic desires in Iran . shuster's order, based upon the confiscation of Shoaosaltane 'properties (Mohammadali Shah's brother). because of his dept to Iranian government . as a result of this , Russian government provoked and to ask for expellining of shuster from Iran. Russian ultimatum was accepted by the Iranian government but didn't accept by the natinal consulative assembly. the presence of nationalist representative and country devoted  and their insistance on the rejection of ultimatum and intervene in internal affairs of Iran convert the field between the government and parliment . as an example of liberal delegates ,Haj Mohammaad Maqsudlu (Ester abad representative)that with a short and histirical speech destined epopee and resistence and prid for Iranian people against foreigners.in this research tried to deliberate about the role of haj mohammad hossein in ultimatum event Manuscript profile

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4 - The interior and exterior politics NASER O DIN O ALLAH , that the organize islamic realms.
ebrahim bavafa

ABOL ABBAS AHMAD EBNE MOSTAFE ,titular to NASER O DIN O ALLAH ,  that this age  was longer than all of the ABBASIAN prelates , he does efforts about rang interior and exterior politics that requisition the forepast grandeur caliphate like to  the first pr More

ABOL ABBAS AHMAD EBNE MOSTAFE ,titular to NASER O DIN O ALLAH ,  that this age  was longer than all of the ABBASIAN prelates , he does efforts about rang interior and exterior politics that requisition the forepast grandeur caliphate like to  the first priod. The struggle succession between  seljuks off and the  expansionism KHARAZM SHAHIAN government and do controversy those with GHORIAN government beside ,creation the best opportunity for realize wishing prelate for raise the caliphate sinker to topic the best diplomacy position in that moslemism world. He with constitution unionist together ZANGIAN and AYYOBIAN against the joint enemy ,cruciates , in the EGYPT , he can establishment the permeance caliphate that the realms , use of those like to apologetic block to christion aggressives and with do it  and free plane becam federate together IRAN'S  ESMAELIAN and GHORIAN against KHARAZMI government and horness those power. In the article ,do effort  reader , after the valuate churchly and scientific life's NASER ,check the collection actions him that the forty seven years age caliphare that the rang  interior and exterior politics in the based onward to government political goals. Manuscript profile

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5 - A speculation over Timortash’, a minster of Royal Courts during Reza Shah, political behaviour and the end of his currier
usef motevali

Formation of Pahlavi dynasty was the result of efforts a number of Smart administrators  during the Reza Shah who by managing the critical condition of Iran and by help of foreigner governments could provide a ground for the fall of Qajar and the formation of Pahla More

Formation of Pahlavi dynasty was the result of efforts a number of Smart administrators  during the Reza Shah who by managing the critical condition of Iran and by help of foreigner governments could provide a ground for the fall of Qajar and the formation of Pahlavi dynasty. Abdol-Hossian Sadr-e Azam Korasani known as Timortash was one those smart administrators in this period. He together with two other admistrators, Ali Akbar Davar and Nasrollah Firouz played an important role on rise of Reza Khan and formation of Pahlavi dynasty. It was probably because of his effort that he was later appointed as the minster of Royal Court and became the second powerful man in Iran after Reza Shah.  Because of  strong position of Timoretash in early of Reza Shah rule, the appointment of any Prime Minesters, Minsters, MPs, Provincial governors and... was nearly impossible without his consent. However, in middle of Reza Shah Rule anything was changed. In this period not only he lost all of his political influence and power, but also he lost his life as well. In this research and based off on contemporary documents and sources from Qajar and pahlavi it has been tried to examine the process of Timoretash raising to power, his political currier and end of his life by using historical research method Manuscript profile

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6 - American missionery Hospital and school of nursing in Mashhad
mohammad kazem radmanesh

Medical services provided in various forms, and especially by establishing hospitals, one of the tools and solutions that Christian mission by the American presence in Iran, with the goal of gaining more influence in the way, was used. Hospital and nursing school of Ma More

Medical services provided in various forms, and especially by establishing hospitals, one of the tools and solutions that Christian mission by the American presence in Iran, with the goal of gaining more influence in the way, was used. Hospital and nursing school of Mashhad American missionary as one of the first hospitals established by the American mission, during its activity as a cover for political and sometimes advertising mission, played very important role. This effort will also evaluate query history course from the beginning of this hospital until transfer to established health ministry, also some efforts of American mission in this reading should be concerned.  Manuscript profile

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7 - The relationship between economy and pohicy in to Jhataids Olos
hashem sedgh amiz

According to political  economy we can divide the history  of  joghataid Olos in two periods: The first period began with the begining of the reign of joghataid’s family and continued till the Dova’s reign. In theis period the economy of Jogh More

According to political  economy we can divide the history  of  joghataid Olos in two periods: The first period began with the begining of the reign of joghataid’s family and continued till the Dova’s reign. In theis period the economy of Joghataid that was relayed on shephered economy found it’s economic excistance in founding new pastures through occupying the regions of Iran;  khorasan, mazandaran and the north of India to support the weak economy of Joghataid. The sconde period began from the ending of Dova’s reign and obtaind the highest point in kebek and tormashiry in this period the vulers of joyhataid Olos put away the policy of attack to Iran and India and Instead of it they decided to splendour the economy of Joghataid Olos by creating peace and safety of the  trade  ways by trade development with India.  Manuscript profile

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8 - Victory KHORASAN and immgratoin araby phylon in this land
amir akbari

Sassanid potentate,YAZD GERD,together success moslem pointing in the NAHAVAND war,doesnt find any more opportunity for reintegrate him corps for the opposition with moslems.  He averse invitation TABARESTAN governor going to the KHORASAN for horbor in that land . T More

Sassanid potentate,YAZD GERD,together success moslem pointing in the NAHAVAND war,doesnt find any more opportunity for reintegrate him corps for the opposition with moslems.  He averse invitation TABARESTAN governor going to the KHORASAN for horbor in that land . The KHORASAN was a great and smooth land, so ,prepare side TORKAN postern inthe providing necessity for YAZD GERD.  Also he was go stand out with the helping TORKAN corps, against the moslems.  The sensation risk of the living YAZD GERD , lead the moslems into victory KHORASAN with the rather motive. The object handling this extra land, together secure host for continue triumphs in side he eastern area , together victory  KHORASAN , necessary the araby phylon immgration category, to in the KHORASAN. Be discond amind the KOFEH and BASREH phylon, willing the IRAQ governor in immgration and detribalization araby phylon in the KHORASAN.  The many of this phylon fix in the MARV city, but az ISLAM camp,have got the effection pattern for the stage manage KHORASAN.  Although , efficient importance KHORASAN navigate attend and solidification arab immgrants in this land, into laps and affection of the IRANIAN lexicion andmostly immix they with the KHORASAN people , assemble mostly predispose intercommunication and approximate them with the KHORASAN people. Manuscript profile

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