• Home
  • Analysis on Modeling and Simulation Methods of Fire Spread in the Forests

Share To

Article Url


Manuscript ID : 8950 Visit : 142 Page: 67 - 88

Article Type: Original Research

Analysis on Modeling and Simulation Methods of Fire Spread in the Forests

Subject Areas : Water and Environment

Saeedeh Eskandari 1 (Ph.D in Forest Science, Department of Forestry, Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran)

Received: 2014-10-03 Accepted : 2014-12-21 Published : 2015-09-23

Keywords: Fire spread, Theoretical models, Physical models, Experimental models, Semi -Experimental&#x0D, &#x0D, Models,

Abstract :

Nowadays, the phenomenon of forest fires as a natural disaster threatens a large part of the world'sforests. Due to the devastating effects of fire on forest, Research conducted by using new methods topredict the spread of fire, is very valuable.This study has been done to investigate the differentmethods of fire spread modeling and fire simulation in the forests of the world and Iran. Computerprograms are based on mathematical models in order to simulate fire behavior. These models aredivided to four categories of theoretical models, physical systems, experimental models and semiexperimentalmodels. Theoretical models have the ability for universalization to the differentecosystems, but their validation is difficult. Physical model (surface, crown, ground, spot) have beendeveloped regarding to the type of forest fires, but these models often don’t have the enough accurateand their validation is difficult. The experimental models are very practical due to the ease of use, butthey are applicable just for ecosystems which they have the similar conditions with that used informulation and test of model. The semi-experimental models are taken into consideration because ofeasier validation, simplicity and compatibility with the raster data, but lack of ability for crown andspot fires, difficult programming and necessity of availability of the required data for all effectiveparameters are deficiencies of these models. The theoretical models, physical models of surface fire,semi-experimental models of Rothermel, FARSITE and cellular automata can be the best models forfire spread of Iranian forests regarding to conditions of these forests

References:


  1. Janbaz Ghobadi, Gh., Gholizadeh, B., Majidi Dashliburun, O., 2012. Forest Fire Risk Zone Mapping from Geographic Information System in Northern Forests of Iran (Case study, Golestan province). International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, Vol.  4 (12), pp. 818-824.
    2.
  2. Adab, H., Kanniah, K.D., Solaimani, K., 2013. Modeling forest fire risk in the northeast of Iran using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Natural Hazards, Vol. 65, pp. 1723-1743.
    3.
  3. پناهی، پ.، «کاربرد سنجش از دور در مدیریت آتش­سوزی جنگل». سمینار دوره دکتری علوم جنگل، دانشگاه مازندران، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، 1386؛ 20 صفحه.
    4.
  4. کاظمی، س. م.، 1384. «آتش و اکوسیستم­های جنگلی». ماهنامه دام و کشت و صنعت، جلد 70، صفحات 46-56.
    5.
  5. Podur, J., Martell, D.L., Knight, K., 2002. Statistical quality control analysis of forest fire activity in Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Vol. 32, pp. 195-205
    6.
  6. Wenliang, L., Shixin, W., Yi, Z., Litao, W. and Shujie, Z. 2010. Analysis of forest potential fire environment based on GIS and RS. Proceedings of 18th International conference on geo-informatics, pp. 1-6.
    7.
  7. Roman, M.V., Azqueta, D., Rodrigues, M., 2013. Methodological approach to assess the socio-economic vulnerability to wildfires in Spain. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 294, pp. 158-165.
    8.
  8. Mutlu, M., Popescu, S.C., Zhao, K., 2008. Sensitivity analysis of fire behavior modeling with LIDAR- derived surface fuel maps. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 256, pp. 289-294.
    9.
  9. Yassemi, S., Dragicevic, S., Schmidt, M., 2007. Design and implementation of an integrated GIS-based cellular automata model to characterize forest fire behavior. Ecological Modeling, Vol. 201, pp. 71-84.
    10.
  10. پورشکوری اله­ده، ف.، درویش­صفت، ع. ا.، صمدزادگان، ف.، سلیاری، ج.، «بررسی امکان کشف آتش فعال به کمک تصاویر سنجنده MODIS (مطالعه موردی پارک ملی گلستان)». مجموعه مقالات نخستین همایش بین­المللی آتش­سوزی در عرصه­های منابع طبیعی، 1390، گرگان، ایران،. 11.
    11.
  11. زهری، م.، رحیم­زادگان، م.، طایفی فیجانی، م.، تقی­زاده، ن.، صابری، ن.، علی­محمدی سراب، ع.، توکلی، ا.، اکبریان، م.، «صحت­سنجی محصولات آتش MODIS با استفاده از داده­های زمینی (مطالعه موردی گلستان)». مجموعه مقالات نخستین همایش بین­المللی آتش­سوزی در عرصه­های منابع طبیعی، 1390، گرگان، ایران، 9.
    12.
  12. Vakalis, D., Sarimveis, H., Kiranoudis, C.T., Alexandridis, A., Bafas, G.V., 2004. A GIS based operational system for wildland fire crisis management, I. Mathematical modelling and simulation. Applied Mathematical Modelling, Vol. 28 (4), pp. 389-410.
    13.
  13. Rothermel, R.C. 1972. A Mathematical Model for Predicting Fire Spread in Wildland Fires. USDA Forest Service Research, Paper INT-115, Ogden Utah, USA, 43 p.
    14.
  14. Lymberopoulos, N., Papadopoulos, C., Stefanakis, E., Pantalos, N., Lockwood, F. 1996. A GIS -Based Forest Fire Management Information System, 14 p.
    15.
  15. Andre, J.C.S., Viegas D.X., 1994. A strategy to Model the Average Fireline Movement of a Light to Medium Intensity Surface Forest Fire. Proceedings of the second International Conference on forest fire research, Coimbra, Portugal, pp. 221-242.
    16.
  16. Saidi, A.A., 1999. The use of the GIS into the Forest Fire prediction The Simulation Model. See information in: http://www.cs.wright.edu/~bwang/course/ceg434634/pa1.pdf
    17.
  17. Lopes, A.M.G., Cruz, M.G., Viegas, D.X., 2002. Fire station-an integrated system for the simulation of wind flow and fire spread over complex topography. Environmental Modelling & Software, Vol. 17, pp. 269-285.
    18.
  18. Thon, S., Remy, E., Raffin, R., Gesquière, G., 2007. Combining GIS and forest fire simulation in a virtual reality environment for environmental management. Agriculture, city and environment, Vol. 2 (4), pp. 741-748.
    19.
  19. Rytwinski, A., Crowe, K.A., 2010. A simulation-optimization model for selecting the location of fuel-breaks to minimize expected losses from forest fires. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 260, pp. 1-11.
    20.
  20. حسینعلی، ف.، رجبی، م. ع.، «شبیه­سازی آتش­سوزی جنگل با استفاده از سامانه اطلاعات مکانی». مجموعه مقالات همایش ژئوماتیک، 1384، تهران، ایران، 11.
    21.
  21. آخوندزاده، م.، سراجیان، م. ر.، رجبی، م. ع.، «تشخیص و مدل­سازی گسترش آتش­سوزی جنگل با کمک تصاویر ماهواره­ای MODIS». مجموعه مقالات اولین همایش مقابله با سوانح طبیعی، 1385، تهران، ایران، 9.
    22.
  22. Van Wagner, C.E., 1977. Conditions for the start and spread of crown fire. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Vol. 7, pp. 23-34.
    23.
  23. Rothermel, R.C. 1991. Predicting behavior and size of crown fires in the Northern Rocky Mountains. USDA Forest Service Research, Paper INT-438, Ogden Utah, USA, 67 p.
    24.
  24. Albini, F.A. 1976. Estimating wildfire behavior and effects. USDA Forest Service, Technical Report INT-30, 40 p.
    25.
  25. Perminove, V., 2014. Mathematical Modeling of Crown Forest Fires Spread With Firebreaks. Recent Advances in Applied Mathematics, Modelling and Simulation. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Applied Mathematics, Simulation, Modelling (ASM '14), November 22-24, Florence, Italy.
    26.
  26. Perminove, V., 2015. Numerical Solution of Crown Forest Fire Spread around the Forest Glade. Advances in Information Science and Computer Engineering. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Applications (CEA '15), February 22-24, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
    27.
  27. Sow, M., Hély, C., Mbow, C., Sambou, B., 2013. Fuel and fire behavior analysis for early-season prescribed fire planning in Sudanian and Sahelian savannas. Journal of Arid Environments, Vol. 89, pp. 84-93.
    28.
  28. Mozer, V., Wilkinson, P., Smolka, M., Tofilo, P., 2014. Probabilistic-deterministic modelling of fire spread.  European Journal of Environmental and Safety Sciences, Vol. 2(2), pp. 79-83.
    29.
  29. Morales, J.M., Mermoz, M., Gowda, J.H., Kitzberger, T., 2015. A stochastic fire spread model for north Patagonia based on fire occurrence maps. Ecological Modelling, Vol. 300, pp. 73-80.
    30.
  30. نصیری، م.، حجتی، س.م.، تفضلی، م.، 1391. «شبیه­سازی آتش­سوزی سطحی به­منظور بررسی سرعت گسترش آن در جنگل آمیخته پهن­برگ». فصلنامه تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران، جلد 20، شماره 1، صفحات 50-61.
    31.
  31. Carmel, Y., Paz, Sh., Jahashan, F., Shoshany, M., 2009. Assessing fire risk using Monte Carlo simulations of fire spread. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol.  257, pp. 370-377.
    32.
  32. Rwanga, S.S., Ndambuki, J.M., 2014. Application of geographical information systems and FARSITE in fire spread modeling. International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, Vol. 13 (2), pp. 185-203.
    33.
  33. Jahdi, R., Salis, M., Darvishsefat, A.A., Mostafavi, M.A., Alcasena, F., Etemad, V., Lozano, O., Spano, D., 2015. Calibration of FARSITE simulator in northern Iranian forests. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 15, pp. 443-459.
    34.
  34. Karafyllidis, I., Thanailakis, A., 1997. A model for predicting forest fire spreading using cellular automata. Ecological Modelling. Vol. 99 (1), pp. 87-97.
    35.
  35. Ntaimo, L. Khargharia, B. Zeigler, B.P., Vasconcelos, M.J. 2004. Forest Fire Spread and Suppression in DEVS. Arizona Center for Integrative Modeling and Simulation, University of Arizona, 40 p.
    36.
  36. Bodrožic, L., Stipanicev, D., Šeric, M. 2006. Forest fires spread modeling using cellular automata approach. M.S. Thesis, University of Split, Split, Croatia, 80 p.
    37.
  37. Encinas, L.H., White, S.H., Rey, A.M., Sánchez, G.R., 2007. b. Modelling forest fire spread using hexagonal cellular automata. Applied Mathematical Modelling, Vol.31(6), pp. 1213-1227.
    38.
  38. Alexandridis, A., Vakalis, D., Siettos, C.I., Bafas, G.V., 2008. A cellular automata model for forest fire spread prediction: The case of the wildfire that swept through Spetses Island in 1990. Applied Mathematics and Computation, Vol. 204, pp. 191-201.
    39.
  39. Moreno, A., Segura, A., Korchi, A., Posada, J., Otaegui, O. 2011. Interactive Urban and Forest Fire Simulation with Extinguishment Support. Advances in 3D Jeo-Information Sciences. Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London, New York, 294 p.
    40.
  40. Wang, S.L., Lee, H.I., Li, S.P., 2014. Fractal dimensions of wildfire spreading. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, Vol. 21, pp. 815-823.
    41.
  41. اسکندری، س.، «ارائه الگوی پتانسیل آتش­سوزی جنگل و گسترش آن با استفاده از RS و GIS، مطالعه موردی جنگل­های بخش سه نکا-ظالمرود». پایان­نامه دکتری علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، 1392؛ 159 صفحه.
    42.
  42. Arroyo, A.L., PascuaL, C., Manzanera, J.A., 2008. Fire models and methods to map fuel types: The role of remote sensing. Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 256, pp. 1239-1252.
    43.
  43. Pastor, E., Zarate, L., Planas, E., Analdos, J., 2003. Mathematical models and calculation systems for the study of wildland fire behavior. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 29, pp. 139-153.
    44.
  44. مخدوم، م.، درویش صفت، ع. ا.، جعفرزاده، ه.، مخدوم، ع.، «ارزیابی و برنامه­ریزی محیط­زیست با سامانه­های اطلاعات جغرافیایی». چاپ سوم، مؤسسه انتشارات و چاپ دانشگاه تهران، 1386، 304 صفحه.
    45.
  45. Hartford, R.A. and Frandsen, W.H. 1992. When it’s hot, it’s hot etc. or maybe it’s not! (Surface flaming may not portend extensive soil heating). International  Journal Wildland Fire. 2: 139-44 pp.
    46.
  46. Prometheus, 2004. The Canadian wildland Fire Growth Model (CWFGM). see information in: http://www.firegrowthmodel.ca/
    47.
  47. McArthur, A.G., 1966. Weather and grassland fire behaviour. Forestry and Timber Bureau Leaflet 100. Commonwealth Department of National Development, Canberra, Australia, 87 p.
    48.
  48. McArthur, A.G., 1967. Fire behaviour in Eucaliptus forests. Forestry and Timber Bureau Leaflet 107. Commonwealth Department of National Development, Canberra, Australia, 89 p.
    49.
  49. Noble, I.R., Bary, G.A.V., Gill, A.M., 1980. McArthur’s fire-danger meters expressed as equations. Australian Journal of Ecology, Vol. 5, pp. 201-203.
    50.
  50. Sirakoff, C., 1985. A correction to the equations describing the McArthur forest fire danger meter. Australian Journal of Ecology, Vol. 10 (4), pp. 481- 491.
    51.
  51. Lundgren, S., Mitchell, W., Wallace, M., 1995. A status report on NFMAS an interagency system update project. Fire Management Notes, Vol. 55, pp. 11-12.
    52.
  52. Byram, G.M., 1959. Combustion of forest fuels. In: Davis, K.P., (Eds.). Forest Fire Control and Use. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, USA, pp. 61-89.
    53.
  53. Finney, M.A., 1998. FARSITE: Fire Area Simulator – model development and evaluation. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. RMRS-RP-4. 47 p.
    54.
  54. Finney, M.A., 2006. An Overview of FlamMap, Fire Modeling Capabilities. USDA Forest Service Proceedings, pp. 213-220.
    55.
  55. Yongzhong, Z., Feng, D., Tao, H., Liyu, W., Kegong, L., Xin, D., 2004. Heterogeneous landscape using an improved cellular automaton model. Simulating wildfire spreading processes in spatially Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 04), Proceedings of 2004 IEEE International, pp. 3371-3374.
    56.
  56. Trunfio, G.A., 2004. Predicting wildfire spreading through a hexagonal cellular automata model. In: Sloot, P.M.A., Chopad, B., Hoekstra, A.G. (Eds.). Springer Verlag. Heidelberg, Berlin, Germany, pp. 385-394.
    57.

 




 

 

Related articles

The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024

Home| Login| About Us| Contact Us|
[فارسی] [العربية] [fa] [ar]