Risk Assessment of Arsenic in Some Crops, The Villages Gilakloo and Ghoojagh of Qorveh County, KurdistaP province
Subject Areas : Environmental Impact Assessment
Mina Khosravi
1
(PhD, Student, Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran)
Alireza Pardakhti
2
(Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran)
Keywords: Risk Assessment, Crops, Arsenic,
Abstract :
Food contamination to arsenic toxic element is one of the important issues that endanger the public health and the health of living organisms. Given the importance of healthy food, controlling the concentration of arsenic to protect the health of consumers is important. Therefore, this study has been done aimed to assess the risks of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic diseases arsenic through consumption of some crops in both men and women in the villages Ghoojagh and Gilakloo of Qorveh County, the Kurdestan province. In this study, concentrations of arsenic, was found according to the statistical information obtained from the Water and Sewage Company Kurdestan province in crops. As well as non- carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment was measured using indicators Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The results showed that the amount of non- carcinogenic risk for arsenic for crops in both villages was less than one. Among the samples tested arsenic carcinogenic risk due to the consumption of wheat in both villages was higher than other products, that in the Gilakloo village and in women, the highest risk of carcinogenic was 3.00 × 10-7 person. The results showed that no danger threatens the health of the studied areas. Also possibility of the risk of the carcinogenic for this element through the using of these studied products in the both villages is low.
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27- www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v18je17. Htm
28- Zhao, F.J., Stroud, J.L., Eagling, T., Dunham, S.J., McGrath, S.P. and Shewry, P.R. 2010, Accumulation, Distribution, and Speciation of Arsenic in Wheat Grain. Journal of Environmental
Science & Technology, 44 (14): 5464–5468.
29- Food and Nutrition Board. 2004. Dietary reference intakes (DRIs) Recommended intakes for individuals. Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences.
30- Hang, X., H. Wang, J. Zhou, C. Ma, C. Du and X. Chen. 2009. Risk assessment of potentially toxic element pollution in soils and rice (Oryza sativa) in a typical area of the Yangtze River Delta. Environ. Pollut. 157: 2542–2549.
31- عقیلی، ف.1386. وضعیت تغذیه ای و کیفیت میوه گوجه فرنگی، فلفل دلمه ای و خیار گلخانه هـای اصـفهان. پایـان نامـه کارشناسـی ارشد خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان ۱۵۲صفحه.
32- Chary, N. S., C. T. Kamala and D. S. S. Raj. 2008. Assessing risk of heavy metals from consuming food grown on sewage irrigated soils and food chain transfer. Ecotoxi. Environ. Saf. 69: 513-524.
33- Khan, S., S. Rehman, A. Z. Khan, M. A. Khan and M. T. Shah. 2010. Soil and vegetables enrichment with heavy metals from geological sources in Gilgit, northern Pakistan. Ecotoxi. Environ. Safe. 73: 1820-1827.
34- Zheng, N., Q. Wang and D. Zheng. 2007. Health risk of Hg, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu to the inhabitants around Huludao Zinc Plant in China via consumption of vegetables. Sci. Total Environ. 383: 81–89.
_||_1- Arsenic and componds. 2004.
2- http://www.scorecard.org/chemical-rofiles/html/arsenic.html.
3- Karim M. 2010, Arsenic in groundwater and health problems in Bangladesh. Water Research, 34(1): 304-310.
4- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IRAC), Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to human.Vol.1 World Health Organization, 1987.
5- Hudson-Edwards KA, Jamieson HE, Charnock JM, Macklin MG. 2005, Arsenic speciation in waters and sediments of ephemeral floodplain pools, ríos AgrioGuadiamar, Aznalcóllar, Spain Chem Geol; 219(1-4):175-192.
6- Keller A. 2000, Assessment of uncertainty in modeling heavy metal balanes of regional agroecosystem. Swiss federal institute of technology Zurich.
7- Singh RP. Agrawal M. 2008, Potential benfits and risks of land application of sewage sludge.Waste Management; 28(2):347-358.
8- Street J. J. W. L. Lindzay B. R. Sabey. 1977, Solubility and cplant uptake of cadmium in soils amended with cadmium and sewage sludge. J. Environ. Qual. 1: 72-77.
9- Winsor G.W. 1973, Nutrition In the U. K. Tomato manual. Grower books, London.
10- Ebadi F. Esmaili Sari A. Riahi Najiyari A. 2005, How Changes in the amount of heavy metals in sediments of aquatic plants in the pond organ Miankaleh. Journal of Ecology; 37:53-74.
11- Gupta N,Khan DK,Santra SC. 2012, Heavy metal accumulation in vegetables grown in a long term waste water irrigated agricultural land of tropical India. Environ Monit Assess;184:6673-82.
12- ناظمی- س.، عسگری- ع.، راعی- م، « بررسی مقدار فلزات سنگین در سبزیجات پرورشی حومه شهر شاهرود» مجله سلامت و محیط 3: 195- 202، تابستان 1389.
13- Sharma, R.K., Agrawal, M. and Marshall, F.M. 2008. Heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb)
contamination of vegetables in urban India: A case study in Varanasi. Environmental Pollution, 154:
254 -263.
14- Yang, Y., Zhang, F.S., Li, H.F. and Jiang, R.F. 2009. Accumulation of cadmium in the edible parts of six vegetable species grown in Cd-contaminated soils. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(2): 1117–112.
15- Cao, H. , J. Chen, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, L. Qiao and Y. Men. 2010. J. Environ. Sci. 22(11):1792-1799.
16- Huang, M., S. Zhou, B. Sun and Q. Zhao. 2008. Heavy metals in wheat grain: Assessment of potential health risk for inhabitants in Kunshan, China Sci. Total Environ. 405: 54 – 61.
17- Enbaee A. Keykhosro A. Vatandost J. 2009, Effects of Different concentrations of toxic metals Zinc and Copper in the liver and gill tissue of common carp (cyprinus carpio).Confernce on Iran Environmental Health Shahid Beheshti Medical Science; 2630-2636.
18- Feroze A.M. 2005, An Overview of Arsenic Removal Technologies in Bangladesh and India. http://www.unu .edu/env/Arsenic/Ahmed.
19- Golovatiy S,Savchenk S. 2002, Heavy metals as contaminants of agricultural land of Belarus. 17thworld congress soil sci Bangkok Thailand;14-21.
20- Fecher. P and Ruhnke G. 1988, Determination ofarsenic and selenium in foodstuff, methods and Erros, Atomic Spectroscopy, 19 (6): 204-206.
21- Ferré-Huguet N.R. Marti-Cid M. Schuhmacher and J.L.Domingo. 2008, Risk assessment of metals from consuming vegetables, fruits and rice grown on soils irrigated with waters of the Ebro river in Catalonia, Spain. Biol. Trace Elem Res. 123: 66-79.
22- رجایی- ق، پورخباز- ع، حصاری مطلق- س، « ارزیابی ریسک سلامت فلزات سنگین منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت علی آباد کتول»- مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی خراسان شمالی، تابستان 1391، 4(2): 155-162.
23- آب منطقه‌ای استان کردستان، 1384، گزارش توجیهی تمدید ممنوعیت توسعه بهره برداری از منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت چهاردولی.
24- USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency). 1992, Guidelines for exposure assessment. Available at http://www.epa.gov/ncea/pdfs/guidline.pdf.
25- USEPA. (US Environmental Protection Agency). 2000, Risk-Based Concentration Table. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC, USA.
26- Food and Nutrition Board. 2004, Dietary reference intakes (DRIs) Recommended intakes for individuals. Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences.
27- www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v18je17. Htm
28- Zhao, F.J., Stroud, J.L., Eagling, T., Dunham, S.J., McGrath, S.P. and Shewry, P.R. 2010, Accumulation, Distribution, and Speciation of Arsenic in Wheat Grain. Journal of Environmental
Science & Technology, 44 (14): 5464–5468.
29- Food and Nutrition Board. 2004. Dietary reference intakes (DRIs) Recommended intakes for individuals. Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences.
30- Hang, X., H. Wang, J. Zhou, C. Ma, C. Du and X. Chen. 2009. Risk assessment of potentially toxic element pollution in soils and rice (Oryza sativa) in a typical area of the Yangtze River Delta. Environ. Pollut. 157: 2542–2549.
31- عقیلی، ف.1386. وضعیت تغذیه ای و کیفیت میوه گوجه فرنگی، فلفل دلمه ای و خیار گلخانه هـای اصـفهان. پایـان نامـه کارشناسـی ارشد خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان ۱۵۲صفحه.
32- Chary, N. S., C. T. Kamala and D. S. S. Raj. 2008. Assessing risk of heavy metals from consuming food grown on sewage irrigated soils and food chain transfer. Ecotoxi. Environ. Saf. 69: 513-524.
33- Khan, S., S. Rehman, A. Z. Khan, M. A. Khan and M. T. Shah. 2010. Soil and vegetables enrichment with heavy metals from geological sources in Gilgit, northern Pakistan. Ecotoxi. Environ. Safe. 73: 1820-1827.
34- Zheng, N., Q. Wang and D. Zheng. 2007. Health risk of Hg, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu to the inhabitants around Huludao Zinc Plant in China via consumption of vegetables. Sci. Total Environ. 383: 81–89.