Predicting Parent-Child Interaction Based on Perceived Social Support and Perceived Parenting Style in Mothers of Children with Specific Learning Disorders

Subject Areas : women health

Somaye Zarinkolah ^{1 *} , AzarMeidokht Rezae ² , Nadereh Sohrabi Shegefti ³ , Maryam Kouroshnia ⁴

1 -
2 - Assistant Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
3 - Associate Professor, Department of General Psychology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
4 - Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran.

Received: 2024-11-22 Accepted : 2024-12-15 Published : 2025-07-11

Keywords: Parent-child interaction, perceived social support, perceived parenting style, specific learning disorder.,

Abstract :

Introduction: Learning disability is one of the issues that has long occupied the minds of researchers and experts in the field of educational issues. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to predict parent-child interaction based on perceived social support and perceived parenting style in mothers of children with specific learning disabilities.

Research method: The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical sample of the study included 320 mothers of children with learning disabilities in Shiraz in the academic year 1402-1403, who were selected using purposive sampling. The data collection tools included the Domka self-efficacy questionnaire (1996), Pianta's parent-child interaction (1992), and Wells' metacognition (1997). The data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software.

Findings: Regression coefficients showed that perceived social support and perceived parenting style can be direct predictors of parent-child interaction.

Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it can be acknowledged that social support for parents, especially mothers of children with specific learning disabilities, and the use of appropriate parenting styles can help improve parent-child interaction.

References:

1. Al-Yagon, Michal & Margalit, Malka. (2016). Specific Learning Disorder. 10.1007/978-3-319-32132-5_806-1., Michal & Margalit, Malka. (2016). Specific Learning Disorder. 10.1007/978-3-319-32132-5_806-1.
2. Ronkainen, N., Uusiautti, S., & Äärelä, T. (2023). Self-efficacy in parents of children with special needs: A state-of-the-art review of research and implications. European Journal of Special Education Research, 9(3), 249-274.
3. Matteucci MC, Scalone L, Tomasetto C, Cavrini G, Selleri P. Health-related quality of life and psychological wellbeing of children with Specific Learning Disorders and their mothers. Res Dev Disabil. 2019;87:43-53.
4. Haft SL, Duong PH, Ho TC, Hendren RL, Hoeft F. Anxiety and attentional bias in children with specific learning disorders. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2019;47(3):487-97.
5. Ayar, G., Yalçın, S.S., Artan, Ö.T. et al. Which factors accompany maternal acceptance-rejection in children with specific learning disabilities?. BMC Psychiatry 24, 119 (2024).
6. Gyereh, J., Shukla, M. Risk factors of and interventions for mental health problems in learning disabilities: a systematic review of psychological therapies for parents and children. Curr Psychol 43, 3956–3972 (2024).
7. Margalit M. Lonely children and adolescents: selfperceptions, social exclusion, and hope. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 2010.
8. Blanchet, Mariève & Assaiante, Christine. (2022). Specific Learning Disorder in Children and Adolescents, a Scoping Review on Motor Impairments and Their Potential Impacts. Children (Basel, Switzerland). 9. 10.3390/children9060892.
9. Tajrishi, Masoumeh; Ashuri, Mohammad; Afrooz, Gholam Ali, Arjamandian, Ali Akbar and Ghobari Bonab, Bagher (2014). Effectiveness of positive parenting program training on mother's interaction with mentally retarded child, Rehabilitation Quarterly, 2 (16), 131-129
10. Bonifacci, P., Storti, M., Tobia, V., & Suardi, A. (2016). Specific Learning Disorders: A Look Inside Children’s and Parents’ Psychological Well-Being and Relationships. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 49(5), 532-545.
11. Hashemi, Zohre and Aini, Sanaz (1400). The effectiveness of parent-child interactive therapy on parenting stress and parenting self-efficacy of mothers of children with learning disabilities, Learning Disabilities Quarterly, 10(3). 380-392, Doi: 10.32598/JLD.10.3.7
12. Martínez-López, Z., Moran, V.E., Mayo, M.E. et al. (2024). Perceived social support and its relationship with self-regulated learning, goal orientation self-management, and academic achievement. Eur J Psychol Educ 39, 813–835
13. khanjani, Z., Peyamannia, B., & Hashemi, T. (2016). Prediction of quality of interaction mother - child with anxiety disorders in children According to cultural characteristics of Iranian mothers. The Journal of New Thoughts on Education, 12(2), 239-260. doi: 10.22051/jontoe.2016.2398
14. Terneusen, A., Quaedflieg, C., van Heugten, C. et al. (2024). The many facets of metacognition: comparing multiple measures of metacognition in healthy individuals. Metacognition Learning 19, 53–63
15. Kim, S., Sodian, B., Paulus, M., Senju, A., Okuno, A., Ueno, M., ... & Proust, J. (2020). Metacognition and mindreading in young children: A cross -cultural study. Consciousness and Cognition , 85, 103017.
16. Hornung, M. (2018). The Perception Fairness in the Division of Labor Across the Trausition to Parenthood. P.h.D thesis in Psychology, Department of psychology. Stockholms university
17. Gurung, R. A. R. (2006). Coping and Social Support. Health Psychology: A Cultural Approach. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
18. Raglin bignall, W. J. (2016). Understanding the Social Support Needs of Parents of Children with ADHD: the Relation between Caregiver Strain and ADHD Specific Support Dissertation. Department of psychology university of Cincinnati.
19. Pakdaman, Shahla and Mortazavi, Fereshte al-Sadat. (2013). Perceived parenting styles and fear of negative evaluation; Comparison of intelligent and normal teenage girls. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 10(39): 249-261.
20. Lung F-W, Chen P-F, Shen L-J and Shu B-C (2022) Families with high-risk characteristics and diagnoses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and learning disability in children: A national birth cohort study.
21. Doinita, N. E., & Maria, N. D. (2015). Attachment and Parenting Styles. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 203, 199-204.
22. Chen, Y., Cheng., T & LV, F (2022). Sense of Parenting Efficacy, Perceived Family Interactions, and Parenting Stress Among Mothers of Children With Autistic Spectrum Disorders, Health Psychology.
23. Li, J., Liang, W., Yuan, B., & Zeng, G. (2020). Internalized Stigmatization, Social Support, and Individual Mental Health Problems in the Public Health Crisis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4507.
24. Farhadpour, Reyhane; Tested, Masoumeh; Tabatabai, Sayyed Mahmoud and Hosseini-Nasab, Sayyed Davoud. (1401). Modeling the feeling of loneliness of mothers with children with learning disabilities: based on social support with the mediating role of self-efficacy, Pajohan Scientific Journal, 20(2): 73-79.
25. Katsantonis, Ioannis & Mclellan, Ros. (2023). The role of parent–child interactions in the association between mental health and prosocial behavior: Evidence from early childhood to late adolescence. International Journal of Behavioral Development. 48. 10.1177/01650254231202444.
26. Venkatakrishnashastry I, Vranda MN.(2012). Attitudes of parents towards children with specific learning disabilities. Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development 2012, 23(1): 63-69.
27. Uchino, B. N., Bowen, K., Kent de Grey, R., Mikel, J., & Fisher, E. B. (2018) Social Support and Physical Health: Models, Mechanisms, and Opportunities. In: Fisher E. et al. (eds) Principles and Concepts of Behavioral Medicine. Springer, New York, NY.
28. gharadaghi, M., & amani, A. (2022). Effectiveness of positive (TRIPLE P) parenting skill training on mother-child relationship quality, parenting self-efficacy and Affective control in the divorced mothers with children. Journal of Family Research, 18(3), 423-443. doi: 10.48308/JFR.18.3.423
29. tork ladani S, Aghababaei S. The Effectiveness of Positive Parenting Training on Parent-Child Interaction and Children's Behavioral Problems with Externalized Problems. JOEC 2022; 22 (3) : 10
URL: http://joec.ir/article-1-1500-fa.html
30. sharei A, Salmani A, keyanifard Y. Investigating the effectiveness of metacognitive interpersonal therapy on the cognitive regulation of emotion and emotional inhibition in adolescents with high-risk behaviors. CPJ 2024; 11 (4) :1-12 URL: http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3767-fa.html
31. Ghsemi, A., Atashpour, S. H., & Sajjadian, I. (2021). The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Parenting Style on Reducing Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Single-Parent Women. Journal of Applied Family Therapy, 2(4), 332-350. doi: 10.22034/aftj.2021.295994.1143
32. Rani, P. P., Charles, H., Russell, P. S. S., Selvaraj, K. G., Mammen, P. M., Russell, S., & Nair, M. K. (2018). disability. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 31(52), 191-202.
33. Yaffe, Y., Grinshtain, Y. & Harpaz, G.(2024). Overparenting in Parents of Elementary School Children: The Direct Association with Positive Parent-Child Relationship and the Indirect Associations with Parental Self-Efficacy and Psychological Well-Being. J Child Fam Stud 33, 863–876
34. Hosseinzadeh, Yazdan and Jangou, Elham (2017). Determining the role of perceived social support of social adjustment friends in predicting high-risk behaviors of male students, Second International Conference on Psychology, Counseling, Education and Training, Mashhad.