Evaluation of the effect of nutrition on the quantity and quality of Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad. essential oils in ecological conditions of Khorramabad

Subject Areas : Medicinal Plants

Shahla hmadi ¹ (Instructor, Forests and Rangelands Research Department, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO,)
Fatemeh Sefidkon ² (Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO),)
Bohloul Abbaszadeh ³ (Assistant Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO))
Mahnaz Farhadi ⁴ (Researcher, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Lorestan Province)

Received: 2022-07-18 Accepted : 2023-05-29 Published : 2023-03-21

Keywords: Carvacrol, Khorramabad, Satureja Khuzestanica, Essential oil, dietary treatments,

Abstract :

This research was carried out to study the effects of chemical and biological fertilizers (manure and vermicompost), as well as their combinations on the quality and quantity of the essential oil content and composition of S. khuzestanica in Zagros Botanical Garden of Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center of Lorestan based on a complete random block design with 3 replications in 3 years, during 2016-2020. There were 24 plots of 3x3in the study, 100 cm away from each other, in which the plants were sown art a distance of 50 cm. The experimental treatments included 50 kg/ha of NPK (50, 25, 25), animal manure (30 and 60 tons/ha), vermicompost (5 tons/ha), and a combination of NPK combination and animal manure and vermicompost, all applied only once at the planting stage. During the flowering stage, shoots were harvested and their essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation.  The essential oils were then analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results of combined analysis of variance showed that the effects of year and interaction of year and fertilizer on the percentage of essential oil were significant at p≤0.05 and p≤0.01, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum essential oil percentage and oil yield in S. khuzistanica were 5.4% and 433 kg/ha with NPK + M60 treatment during the third year. Carvacrol (93.1-88.8, 96.0-89.6,94.9-88.8 percent) was the most important composition of the essential oil in all treatments and years of the experiment. In general, the nutritional treatments increased the amount of essential oil and carvacrol compared to the control, and during the three years of testing, the yield of dry weight and therefore essential oil increased. The results of this research indicated that the use of organic fertilizers alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers has a positive effect on improving the essential oil yields, and the use of integrated nutrition method for S. khuzestania is economic.

References:

Abbaszadeh, B., Sharifi Ashourabadi, E., Ardakani, M.R., Paknejad, F. and Lebaschi, A.H. 2007. Effects of different rates and methods for nitrogen application on morphological characteristics and yield of Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) under field condition. Journal of Agricultural Sciences,  13 (1):127 - 137.

Ahmadi, Sh., Sefidkan, F., Babakhanlou, P., Asgari, F., Khademi, K., and Karimifar, M.A. 2009. Comparing essential oil composition of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. before and full flowering stages in field and provenance. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 25 (2): 159-169.

Albiach R., Canet R., Pomares F. and Ingelom F. 2001. Organic matter components and aggregate stability after the application of different amendments to a horticultural soil. Bioresource Technology, 76:125-129

Ali, U., Sajid, N., Khalid, A., Rabbani, M.M., Syed, J.H. and Malik, R.N. 2015. A review on vermicomposting of organic wastes. Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, 34(4), 1050-1062.

Arancon, N., Edwards, C.A., Bierman, P., Welch, C. and Metzger, J.D. 2004. Influences of vermicompost on field strawberries:1. Effects on growth and yields. Bioresource Technology, 93:145-153.

Atiyeh, R.M., Arancon, N., Edwards, C.A. and Metzge, J.D. 2002. The influence of humic acids derived from earthworm processed organic wastes on plant growth. Bioresource Tech., 84(1): 7-14.

Blundell, R., Schmidt, J.E., Lgwe, A., Cheung, A.L., Vannette, R.L., Gaudin, A.C.M. and Castell, C.L. 2020. Organic management promotes natural pest control through altered plants resistance to insects. Nature plants, 6:483-491. 

Darzi, M.T., Qalavand, A. and Rajali, F. 2009. The effects of biofertilizers application on n.p.k. assimilation and seed yield in Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)  Journal of medicinal and aromatic plants research, 25 (1): 1-19.

Darzi, M.T., Qalavand, A. and Rejali, F. 2008. Effect of application of Mycorrhiza, vermicompost and biophosphate fertilizer on flowering, biological yield and root coexistence in fennel. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 10 (1): 88-109.

Darzi, M.T., Qalavand, A. Rejali, F., and Sefidkon, F. 2006.  Application of biofertilizers on yield and yield components of Fennel. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 22 (4): 276-292.

Dousti, B. 2016. Quantitative and qualitative compassion of Satureja khuzestanica essential oil in different habitates in west and south-west Iran. Journal of plant research (Iranian Journal of biology), 29(2): 377-384.

Farrokhi, E., Koochaki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M. and Khademi, R. 2018. The effect of manur, chemical and biological fertilizers on Aloe vera growth in Bushehr  province. Journal of agroecology, 10(1): 1-21.

Farsam, H., Amanlou, M., Radpour, M.R., Salehinia, A.N. and Shafiee, A. 2004. Composition of the essential oils of wild and cultivated Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad. from Iran. Journal of flavour and fragearnce, 19(4): 308-310.

Francis, C.A., Bulter, F.C. and King, L.D. 1990. Sustainable agriculture in temperate zones. John wiley and sons. New York, 487 pp.

Hadian, J., Mirjalilia, M.H., Kananib, M.R., Salehnia, A. and Ganjipoor, P. 2011. Phytochemical and morphological characterization of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad. populations from Iran. Chemistry and biodiversity, 8: 902

Hazrati Yadekori, S., and Tahmasebi Sarvestani, Z. 2012. Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer levels and hormone benzyl adenine (BA) on growth and ramet production of Aloe vera L. Iranian journal of medical and aromatic plants, 28(2): 210-223.

Jahani, M., Besharati, H., and Golchin, A. 2011. Effect of iron and zinc enriched vermicompost on plant dry weight and seedling emergence of corn single crass 704. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 25(1): 33-38.

Jamzad, Z. 2012. Flora of Iran, No. 76: Lamiaceae. Agricultural research , education and extension organization research institute of forest and ranglands, Ministry of Jihad-e- Agriculture, Tehran, P:1066.

Luic, J. and Pank B. 2005. Effect of vermicompost and fertility levels on growth and oil yield of Roman chamomile. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 46: 63-69.

Malakuti, J., 1999. Sustainable agriculture and increasing yield by optimizing fertilizer consumption in Iran. Agricultural Education Publications, 411 pages.

Mohammadi1, M., Sefidkon, F., Asadi-Sanam, S. and Kalatejari, S. 2021. Effects of nutritional treatments on morphological characteristics and essential oil yield of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 37(2):193-213

Naiji, M. and Souri, M.K. 2015. Evaluation of growth and yield of savory (Satureja hortensis) under organic and biological fertilizers toward organic production. Plant productions, 38(3): 93-105.

Nooshkaam. A., Majnoon Hosseini, N., Hadian, J., Jahansoz, M.R., Khavazi, K.,  Salih Nia, A.N. and Hedayatpour, S., 2016. Investigating the effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on the chemical and qualitative characteristics of medicinal plant Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad. Crop production, 8(4):87-103.

Pandey, V., Patel, A. and Patra, D.D. 2015. Amelioration of mineral nutrition  productivity, antioxidant activity and aroma profile in marigold (Tagetes minuta L.) with organic and chemical fertilization. Industrial Crops and Products, 76: 378-385.

Paschalina,  S.,  Koutsos,  T.V. and  Katsiotis,  S.T.  2006.  Study  of  nitrogen fertilizers  rate  on  fennel  cultivars  for essential  oils  yield  and  composition.  Journal of Vegetable science, 12: 85- 93.

Peyvandi, M., Rafati, A. and Mirza, M. 2009. The effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth and amount of sweet Artemisia essential oil. Iranian journal of medicinal and aromatic plants research, 25 (1): 84-75.

Prabha, M.L., Jayraaj, I.A., Jayaraj, S. and Rao, D.S. 2007. Effect of vermicompost on growth parameters of selected vegetable and medicinal plants. Asian journal of microbiology, biotechnology Jayraaj, research and environmental sciences, 9: 321-326.

Rahimzadeh, S., Sohrabi, Y., Heidari, G. and Pirzad, A. 2011. The effect of biofertilizers on some morphological traits and yield of the medicinal plant Badershbo (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Journal of horticultural sciences, 25(3): 335-343

Rezaei Moadab, A., Nabavi Kalat, S.M. and Sadrabadi Haghighi, R. 2015. Effect of vermicompost and biofertilizers on vegetative yield and essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in climatic conditions of Mashhad. Journal of agricultural ecology, 5 (4): 362-350

Rezvani Moghadam, P., Amin Ghafoori, A., Bakhshaei, S. and Jafari, L. 2013. Study the effects of biological and organic fertilizers on quantitative traits and essential oil of savoy (Satureja hortensis L.). Journal of Agroecology, 5(2): 105-112.

Saeednejad A.H. and Rezvani Moghaddam, P. 2010.  Effect of compost, vermicompost and cattle manure on yield, yield components and oil content of Cuminum cyminum. Journal of Horticultural Science, 24: 142-148. (in Persian with English summary).

Sharifi Ashourabadi, E., Matin, A.A.Gh. and Lebaschi, M. H. 2003. Investigate of physiological growth indices in fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare Mill.) in different methods of soil fertilization.  Iranian medicinal and aromatic plants research, 19(2):157-182.

Sharifi Ashurabadi, A., Qalavand, A., Noor Mohammadi, Q., Matin, A., Aminf G., Babakhanlou, P., Bachechi, M. and Sefidkan, F. 2001. Effect of fertilization and manur on seed yield and biomass of fennel. Iranian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 3(1): 1-26.

Scheffer M.C. and Koehler, S. 1993. Influence of organic fertilization on the biomass, yield and yield composition of the essential oil of Achillea millefolium. Acta Horticulture, 331:109-114.

Sepahvand, A., Kordbache, P., Delfhan, B., Zeini, F., Hashemi, S. and Mahmoodi, M. 2005. Antifungal effects of essential oil of Satureja khuzistanicais in region of Lorestan with method of in vitro. Iran. J. Yafteh. Lorestan univ. Medical sci, 2:37-43

Yazdani Biuki, R., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Khazaei, Kh., Ghorbani, Q. and Astaraei, A. 2010. Effects of salinity and drought stresses on germination characteristics of marigold seeds. Iranian Agricultural Research, 8(1): 12-19.