Evaluation of diversity in some phytochemical characteristics among flower extract of wild-growing populations of Rheum ribes L. in Iran

Subject Areas : Medicinal Plants

Ghader Ghasemi ¹ , Mohammad Fattahi ² , Abolfazl Alirezalu ³

1 - MSc. student, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 - 2Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

Received: 2016-12-02 Accepted : 2017-02-18 Published : 2017-02-19

Keywords: Phenol, Flavonoid, Antioxidant, Phytochemical variation, Rheum ribes L,

Abstract :

Medicinal plants uses and their active ingredients as natural antioxidant agents are interested recently. Rheum ribes L. with high flavonoid and proanthocyanin antioxidants get a great importance in the food and drug industries. In the present study the flowers of 13 wild-growing genotypes of Rheum ribes L. were evaluated phytochemically. Plant extract was obtained by ultrasonic technique. Total phenol and flavonoid content were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and Aluminium chloride method, respectively. The vitamin C content by titration with potassium iodide , soluble carbohydrate  by anthrone reagent and spectrophotometer method, tannin  by vanillin reagent and spectrophotometer method, total carotenoid, chlorophyll a and b content  by Lichtenthaler method  and antioxidant activity  by DPPH and FRAP methods .The highest amount of total phenols and flavonoids (110.53 GAE/g DW and 1.49 mg Qu. g-1 DW) were recorded in G8 and G9, respectively. Also the lowest content of flower phenols (9.80 GAE/g DW) and flavonoids (0.33 mg Qu. g-1 DW) were obtained in G13 sample. Highest antioxidant activity based on DPPH and FRAP bioassays were recorded in G1 (94.75 %) and G8 (59.86 µmol Fe++ /g DW) and lowest were obtained in G13 and G4 with the 68.17 % and 7.42µ mol Fe++ /gDW, respectively. The conclusion based on the different genotypes of Rheum ribes L. are natural sources of antioxidant, among the studied genotypes, G1, G8 and G9 with high levels of active compounds and antioxidants advisable to use in food and pharmaceutical industries.  

References:

1. Akerstrom, A., Jaakola, L., Bang, U. and Jaderlund, A. 2010. Effects of latitude- related factors and geographical origin on anthocyanidin concentrations in fruits of Vaccinium myrtillus L. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58: 11939–11945.


2. Arosio, B., Gagliano, N., Fusaro, L.M., Parmeggiani, L., Tagliabue, J. and Galetti, P. 2000. Aloe-emodin quinone pretreatment reduces acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, 87: 229–233.


3. Celine, F., Le Texier, L., Roy, S., Delaforge, M., Gregoire, S. and Neuwels, M. 2004. Parameters and mechanistic studies on the oxidative ring cleavage of syntheticheterocyclic naphthoquinones by Streptomyces strains. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 65: 446–456.


4. Chang, Q., Zuo, Z., Harrison, F. and Chow, M.S.S. 2002. Hawthorn. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 42(6): 605–612.


5. Ebrahimzadeh, M.A., Hosseinimehr, S.J., Hamidinia, A. and Jafari, M. 2008. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Feijoa sallowiana fruits peel and leaves. Pharmacologyonline, 1: 7-14.


6. Emad, M., gheybi, F., Rasoli, M., Khanzadeh, R., and Mohammadi, S. 2003.Medicinal-industrial plant of Rhubarb. Poneh publication, Tehran, 69p.


7. Ercisli, S. and Esitken, A. 2004. Fruit characteristics of native rose hip (Rosa spp.) selections from the Erzurum province of Turkey. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 32(1): 51-53.


8. Fang, F., Wang, J., Zhao, Y., Jin, C., Kong, W., and Zhao, H. 2011. A comparative study on the tissue distributions of Rhubarb anthraquinones in normal and CCl₄-injured rats orally administered Rhubarb extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 137: 1492-1497.


9. Fattahi, M., Nazeri, V., Torras-Claveria, L., Sefidkon, F., Cusido, R.M., Zamani, Z. and Palazon, J. 2013. Identification and quantification of leaf surface flavonoids in wild-growing populations of Dracocephalum kotschyi by LC–DAD–ESI-MS. Food Chemistry, 141, 139-146.


10. Figueiredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G., Pedro, L.G. and Scheffer, J.J. 2008. Factors affecting secondary metabolite production in plants: volatile components and essential oils. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 23, 213–226.


11. Fok, T.F. 2001. Neonatal jaundice Traditional Chinese medicine approach. Journal of Perinatology, 21: 98-100.


12. Harborne, J.B., Mabry, T.J. and Mabry, H. 1975. The Flavonoids. London: Chapman and Hall, 866p.


13. Huang, Q., Lu, G., Shen, H.M., Chung, M.C. and Ong, C.N. 2007. Anti-cancer properties of anthraquinones from Rhubarb. Medicinal Research Reviews, 27: 609-630.


14. Irigoyen, J.J., Emerich, D.W. and Sanchez-Diaz M. 1992. Water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants. Physiologia Plantarum, 84: 55-60.


15. Li, A., Bao, B., Grabovskaya-Borodina, A.E., Hong, S.P., McNeill, J., Mosyakin, S.L., Ohba, H. and Park, C.W. 2003. Rheum. In: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H., Hong, D.Y. (Eds.), Flora of China. Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 341-350.


16. Lichtenthaler, H.K. 1987. Chlorophylls and carotenoids pigments of photosynthetic membranes. Methods in Enzymology, 148: 350-382.


17. Luthar, Z. and Kreft, I. 1999. Influence of temperature on tannin content in different ripening phases of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seeds, Fagopyrum, 16: 61-65.


18. Munzuroglu, O., Karatas, F. and Gur, N. 2000. A study of the levels of vitamins A, E and C and Selenium in Rhubarb (Rheum ribes L.) Turkish Journal of Biology, 24: 397–404.


19. Nakajima, J.i., Tanaka, I., Seo, S., Yamazaki, M. and Saito, K. 2004. LC/PDA/ESI-MS profiling and radical scavenging activity of anthocyanins in various berries. BioMed Research International, 5: 241-247.


20. Neel, M.C. and Ellstr, N.C. 2003. Conservation of genetic diversity in the endangered plant Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vineum (Polygonaceae). Conservation Genetics, 37: 352-354.


21. Nikolova, M.T., Taskova, R.M., and Peev, D.R. 2005. Exudate flavonoid aglycones of Veronica: Ecological and systematic implications. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 33(12), 1258–1268.


22. Orhan, D.D., Hartevioglu, A., Küpeli, E. and Yesilada, E. 2007. In vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of the crude extract and fractions from Rosa canina L. fruits. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 112: 394-400.


23. Shoemaker, M., Hamilton, B., Dairkee, S. H., Cohen, I. and Campbell, M.J. 2005. In vitro anticancer activity of twelve Chinese medicinal herbs. Phytotherapy Research, 19: 649–651.


24. Tapas, A.R., Sakarkar, D.M. and Kakde, R.B. 2008. Flavonoids as nutraceuticals: A review. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 7(3): 1089–1099.


25. Tsai, J.C., Tsai, S., and Chang, W.C. 2004. Effect of ethanol extracts of three Chinese medicinal plants with laxative properties on ion transport of the rat intestinalepithelia. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 27: 162-165.


26. Tseng, S.H., Lee, H.H., Chen, L.G., Wu, C.H., and Wang, C.C. 2006. Effects of three purgative decoctions on inflammatory mediators. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 105: 118-124.


27. Urbonaviciute, A., Jakstas, V., Kornysova, O., Janulis, V., and Maruska A. 2006. Capillary electrophoretic analysis of flavonoids in single-styled hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) ethanolic extracts. Journal of Chromatography A, 1112: 339-344.


28. Wang, J., Zhao, H., Zhao, Y., Jin, C., Liu, D. and Kong, W. 2011. Hepatotoxicity orhepatoprotection? Pattern recognition for the paradoxical effect of the Chinese Herb Rheum palmatum L. in treating rat liver injury, Plos One. 6: 24498.


29. Yu, M., Luo, Y.L., Zheng, J.W., Ding, Y.H., Li, W. and Zheng, T.Z. 2005. Effects of Rhubarb on isolated gastric muscle strips of guinea pigs World. Journal of Gastroenterology, 11: 2670-2673.


30. Zhao, Y.L., Wang, J.B., Zhou, G.D., Shan, L.M. and Xiao, X.H. 2009. Investigations of free anthraquinones from Rhubarb against alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate - induced cholestatic liver injury in rats. Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, 104: 463-469.


31. Zugic, A., Ðordevic, S., Arsic, I., Markovic, G., Zivkovic, J., Jovanovic, S. and Tadic, V. 2014. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 10 selected herbs from Vrujci Spa, Serbia. Industrial Crops and Products, 52: 519-527.