Comparison of Quality and Quantity of Aromatic Compounds from Technique Rose Water Distillation and Steam Distillation (Rosa Damascena Mill)
Subject Areas : Medicinal PlantsMohammad Emambakhsh 1 , masoud azadbakht 2 * , vajihe Abbasi ghadi 3 , Maryam Habibi Khaki 4
1 - .Department of Biology, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
2 -
3 - Graduate of landscape engineering M.Sc.
4 - Department of Biology, Sena Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran.
Keywords: Rosa damascena Mill, Aromatic compounds, water distillation, Steam distillation. ,
Abstract :
Damask Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) is a key species in the production of rose water and essential oil. This study focused on extracting rose water from fresh petals collected in the Varkan region of Kashan using two simultaneous methods: water distillation and steam distillation, along with essence extraction via a Clevenger device. The extracted samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to identify and compare volatile compounds. The analysis revealed 23 main volatile compounds in the essence, constituting 14.84%. The rose water extraction results indicated no significant difference in yield between the two distillation methods. However, the qualitative analysis showed that the water distillation method yielded five volatile compounds, with phenylethyl alcohol (55.52%) and citronellol (38.55%) being predominant. In contrast, the steam distillation method identified 11 compounds, making up 95% of the total, with phenylethyl alcohol (42.16%) and citronellol (33.44%) as the most abundant. Notably, the steam distillation method produced 8% more volatile compounds than water distillation, resulting in rose water with a more pleasant aroma. The study concluded that oxygenated compounds like phenylethyl alcohol, citronellol, and geraniol were more concentrated in the rose water than in the essence, likely due to their solubility in water. Therefore, steam distillation is recommended as a superior method for improving the quality of rose water, potentially benefiting the economic viability of rose water producers.
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