Urban space's publicness and decline in new urban space's publicness have been addressed by many researchers and commentators in recent years. Although their attitudes towards publicness have been mainly influenced by civil society discourse, and despite existing theori
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Urban space's publicness and decline in new urban space's publicness have been addressed by many researchers and commentators in recent years. Although their attitudes towards publicness have been mainly influenced by civil society discourse, and despite existing theories about publicness in the civil society discourse, none of them has introduced constructive factors for the publicness of urban spaces. Also, there is no consensus on the criteria for evaluating the publicness of these spaces. Considering this theoretical gap, the first step of this research is through a systematic review of scholars' opinions and research experiences to identify the component factors of the publicness of spaces in the civil society discourse. In the next step, the Delphi technique is used to evaluate the usability of these factors in assessing the publicness of urban spaces. The results show that only four factors, namely, public access, adaptability, interaction and discussion, and immunity can be used to assess the publicness of urban spaces.
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