Differentiative assessment between Satureja avromanica and Satureja edmondi using cytogenetic and phytochemical traits

Subject Areas : Medicinal plants

Mahdiyeh Salehi Vozhdehnazari ¹ , Samaneh Samavat ²

1 - Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

Received: 2024-05-20 Accepted : 2024-06-22 Published : 2024-05-29

Keywords: Essential oil, chromosome, species separation, medicinal plant, GC-MS,

Abstract :

Considering the similarity of morphology and properties of different populations of savory (Satureja spp.), the separation of its species from each other requires additional and more detailed studies. Accordingly, S. avromanica and S. edmondi, two endemic species of Iran, were studied for their karyotypic and phytochemical characteristics. For cytogenetic studies, several traits such as total chromosome length (TL), long-arm length (LA), short-arm length (SA), centromeric index (CI), overall chromosome shape (%TF), relative length difference (DRL), intrachromosomal asymmetry index (A1), interchromosomal asymmetry index (A2), dispersion index (DI), and karyotypic formula (KF) were measured and calculated for populations 48 and 55 from Edmondi savory and 63 and 67 from Oramani savory. Based on the results, the basic chromosomal numbers in Oramani and Edmondi populations were x=12 (2n=2x=24) and x=15 (2n=2x=30), respectively. In cluster analysis based on complete linkage method, populations 63 and 67 were located in one cluster, however, 48 and 55 were placed in another cluster. Furthermore, the populations of the two species had statistically significant differences with each other for all the karyotypic traits (P<0.01). Based on GC-MS analysis, 21 and 25 different compounds were detected in Edmondi and Oramani savory essential oils (EOs), respectively. The main compounds in the EO of Oramani savory were piperitone (19%) and piperitenone (26.3%), while the main components in Edmondi savory EO were p-cymene (63.2%), thymol (5.7%), and γ-terpinene (8.8%). The highest (1.36%) and lowest (0.42%) EO yields were calculated for populations Oramani 63 and Edmondi 48, respectively. Therefore, these two mentioned species are considered as independent and distinct species from each other. Additionally, conducting additional studies to investigate the genetic diversity of these two species by different molecular markers can be important in confirming the present results.

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