The Analysis of a Selection of African – American Poet Phillis Wheatley's Political-Ethical Poetry Based on the Reasoning Theory of Stephen Edleston Toulmin

Subject Areas : Abstract Articles

Vida Sabzvari Bidokhti ¹ (PhD Student, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran.)
Saeed Roozbehani ² (Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran.)
Abolghassem Amir Ahmadi ³ (Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran.)

Received: 2020-06-22 Accepted : 2020-12-16 Published : 2021-08-23

Keywords: analysis, Theory, Keywords: argumentation, Wheatley, Toulmin,

Abstract :

Abstract           Reasoning is used as hypothesis or introduction in definite and true corollary sense to show a new one. This process, especially in the domain of ethics and religion may influence the audience's speculation, tenets and his worldview so forcefully that he inevitably improves them. Stephen Edleston Toulmin, the well-known philosopher of the 20th century who has developed the theory of reasoning, has classified the present ratiocination into the components of: claim, data, reason, supporting of reason, rejection, and indexes of stability of the statement, such as comparative theory; all of which can also be seen in Phillis Wheatley's poetry ( 1784 ). The present research , with the aim of analysis and reasoning and thematical exploration deals about some pieces of ethical and political matters, chosen from his poetry. We have tried to answer the questions: What claims and recommendations and backgrounds has Wheatley used to endorse and satisfy his readers' minds? What are the strictness of the indices used in the data and what are their possible impacts on the poet's tone and statements? The results attained from the article are: in the first section: claims, ethnocentrism, proofs, heredity; in section two: claims, freedom, hope, good name, proofs, politics and worldview in the third part : claims, hope, theology, justice, proofs, and social ethics. In the fourth section: claims, theology, following the scholars, avoidance from sin, proofs, ideological worldview, personal ethics and learning it.

References:

فهرست منابع و مأخذ

الف: کتابنامه

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ب: مجلاّت

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