Journal of Animal Biology: 2 (4)

Open Access Article

1 - Making a construct containing of γ-globin gene and control regions of beta gene cluster aiming for studying of effective mutations in HPFH phenotype
مریم بی خوف تربتی فاطمه جمشیدی حسین خان احمد سیروس زینلی مرتضی کریمی پور

In andbeta;-thalassemia patients are mutations or deletions in beta globin gene which due to absence or reduction of andbeta;-globin chain synthesis. Adult hemoglobin (HbA) contains 2 Alfa Globin and 2 Beta Globin chains (andalpha;2andbeta;2) while Fetal hemoglobin (HbF More

In andbeta;-thalassemia patients are mutations or deletions in beta globin gene which due to absence or reduction of andbeta;-globin chain synthesis. Adult hemoglobin (HbA) contains 2 Alfa Globin and 2 Beta Globin chains (andalpha;2andbeta;2) while Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) contains 2 Alfa Globin and 2 Gamma Globin chains (andalpha;2andgamma;2). HbF switches to HbA in early weeks after the birth. A kind of andbeta;-thalassemia is HPFH phynotype. In these patients the level of HbF will be high in after the birth continuously. The gamma globin gene is in beta globin gene cluster and its expression will be control by locus control region (LCR) which located in upstream of beta gene cluster. The LCR composed of five DNase I hyper sensitive sites (HS1-5) in Erythroid cells. We amplified HS2, HS3, HS4 segments (mini LCR) and andgamma;-globin gene from the genomic DNA of a normal individual by PCR. Each of segments cloned in pTZ57R/T vector and then subcloned in the pBGGT vector, a derivative of PUC19 plasmid. This construct is a positive control and containing 5and#39; HS4,HS3,HS2 3and#39; segments (mini LCR, 4 kb) and A Gamma gene (2 kb). That could be used in studying of some mutations which due to HPFH phenotype and affect expression of andgamma;-globin gene and also for induction of HbF production in gene therapy of andbeta;-thalassemia. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Effect of hypervitaminosis A in the embryonic period and study effects on testosterone and gonadotropin hormons in mature period in male Rat.
لیلی حسین پور عبدالحسین شیروی محمدتقی قربانیان

Vitamin A involved in many physiological actions such as vision, reproduction, developing of epithelial tissue, embryo differentiation, growing and development of brain and spinal cord. Although Vitamin A used as an antioxidant compound for treat of epilepsy, effective More

Vitamin A involved in many physiological actions such as vision, reproduction, developing of epithelial tissue, embryo differentiation, growing and development of brain and spinal cord. Although Vitamin A used as an antioxidant compound for treat of epilepsy, effective on reproduction and treat of Alzheimer disease, but it isnand#39;t known yet mechanisms that act. This study is done in order to Effect of hypervitaminosis A in the embryonic period and study effects on testosterone and gonadotropin hormones in mature period in male Rat. After determining pregnancy, pregnant animals divided into 5 groups, randomly. Experimental groups 1, 2, 3, on gestational days 8.5, 10.5, 12.5 and 14.5, injected by 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg Retinoic acid as intraperitoneal. Then animals rest and do child birth. On time of Puberty (10 weeks), from male animals in all of groups get blood for determining amount of hormones.Results showed although receiving RA by pregnant mothers donand#39;t cause to produce significant difference on level of hormones but itand#39;s effect donand#39;t mark on steroidogenesisof future generation in maturity stages. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The Histological and Histochemical study on the esophagus and intestine in common carp fish( Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus(1758))
سید مهدی بانان خجسته سهیلا ابراهیمی مینا رمضانی حسین حق نیا

Ten common carp fish weighing 500-600 g and 28-30 cm in length, comprising both sexes, were collected from fish culture ponds, around Ardebil city. Dewaxed sections (5-6 andmu;m) were stained for histological and histochemical purposes with haematoxylin and eosin (Handa More

Ten common carp fish weighing 500-600 g and 28-30 cm in length, comprising both sexes, were collected from fish culture ponds, around Ardebil city. Dewaxed sections (5-6 andmu;m) were stained for histological and histochemical purposes with haematoxylin and eosin (Handamp;E), periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) and Alcian blue. The histological and histochemical characteristics of the esophagus and intestine were studied by the use of a light microscope. The gastrointestinal tract of the common carpwas divided into an esophagus and intestine. The esophagus was short, with longitudinal mucosal folds but The intestine have shorter mucosal folds in than the esophagus folds and a thinner wall in comparison with esophagus. The histological structure was divided in four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscular, and serosa. Intestinal mucosa displayed many simple columnar epithelium in associated with goblet cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes. Histochemical analysis showed that the goblet cells have acidic and neutral mucosubstances. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Determinating of The Lethal concentrations (LC50/96h) of The toxin Endosulfan on the Caspian kutum( Rutilus frisii kutum( , Volba( Rutilus rutilus caspicus) and Common carp( Cyprinus carpio
مجید محمدنژاد شموشکی لیلا محمدشریفی ولی الله صالحی شهرام ملکی

This study were studied the short andndash; term acute toxicity of this toxin on Rutilus frisii kutum,Rutilus rutilus caspicus and Cyprinus carpio fingerlings (1- 3g) In this research, aim to determine the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) in 96 hours.These experiments ca More

This study were studied the short andndash; term acute toxicity of this toxin on Rutilus frisii kutum,Rutilus rutilus caspicus and Cyprinus carpio fingerlings (1- 3g) In this research, aim to determine the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) in 96 hours.These experiments carried out in static condition and based on TRC,1984 standard method in 4 days, and controlled of the effective water physico andndash; chemical factors that having ranges pH = 6.7 andndash; 8 , DH = 205 mg /l (CaCO3), DO = 80% and Temp. = 25 10C .On the base of obtained results the LC50 value of Endosulfan in 96 hours were 0.002 , 0.00053 and 0.0046 mg/l on Rutilus frisii kutum,Rutilus rutilus caspicus and Cyprinus carpio respectively, and also MAC(Maximum allowable concentration) value of this toxin were determined 0.0002 ,0.000053 and 0.00046 mg/l for Rutilus frisii kutum,Rutilus rutilus caspicus and Cyprinus carpio. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The effect of intraperitoneal injection sesame oil on fear conditioning in the female mice.
حسین محمدپورکارگر مانا احمدی مهناز کسمتی

Sesame oil contains unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, Oleic acid and Lecithin. Lecithin and specially unsaturated fatty acids have important role in several physiological functions. In his project effect of sesame oil injection (i.p.) on fear conditioning w More

Sesame oil contains unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, Oleic acid and Lecithin. Lecithin and specially unsaturated fatty acids have important role in several physiological functions. In his project effect of sesame oil injection (i.p.) on fear conditioning was studied.Female mice (25andplusmn;3 g) were used. Animals divided to four groups: control and three test groups which were injected by 0.1 ml sesame oil (i.p.) for 1, 3 and 4 days respectively. Fear conditioning test carried out in three steps. 1- Animals take place in test compartment for 5 min in first day. 2- in second day, each animal exposed to noise for 3 min and finally received foot shock (5 sec, 1mA). 3-After 1 hour and 24 hour (in the last day) each animal exposed to noise for 1 min and freezing time was measured. All data was analyzed by one way ANOVA.There was not any significant difference between control and other groups in fear conditioning test after 1 hour.There was any significant difference in Fear conditioning test after 24 hour between control animals and animals which sesame oil was injected once. There were significant difference in freezing time after 24 hour between control group and groups which sesame oil was injected for 3 and 4 days (Pandlt;0.03). Sesame oil had not effects on memory recalling, one hour after foot shock. It seems that sesame oil stimulates mechanisms that affected memory in long period. Probably lecithin of sesame oil acts as a source for acetylcholine and potentiate cholinergic system in brain specifically hippocampus. More studies need to determine facts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Effects of α1- and α2-adrenoceptor agonist and antagonist in the dorsal hippocampus on cannabinoid state-dependent memory
اعظم مشفق پروین بابایی مرتضی پیری شهربانو عریان بهرام سلطانی محمدرضا زرین دست

Cannabinoids are a class of psychoactive compound that produce a wide range of effects in different number of species. The present study evaluated the possible role of andalpha;1- and andalpha;2-adrenergic receptors of the dorsal hippocampus on cannabinoid induced amnes More

Cannabinoids are a class of psychoactive compound that produce a wide range of effects in different number of species. The present study evaluated the possible role of andalpha;1- and andalpha;2-adrenergic receptors of the dorsal hippocampus on cannabinoid induced amnesia and cannabinoid state-dependent memory in adult male Wistar rats. The animals were bilaterally implanted with chronic cannulae in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus, trained in a step-down type inhibitory avoidance task, and tested 24h after training to measure step-down latency. Post-training intra-CA1 injection of cannabinoid receptors agonist, WIN55,212-2 (0.25 and 0.5 andmicro;g/rat) induced amnesia. Amnesia induced by post-training WIN55,212-2 (0.5 andmicro;g/rat) was restored by pre-test administration of the same dose of WIN55,212-2. Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of phenylephrine could not affect memory but clonidine improved memory impairment induced by WIN55,212-2. Furthermore, microinjection of phenylephrine or clonidine plus an ineffective dose of WIN55,212-2, synergistically restored amnesia induced by WIN55,212-2 . On the other hand, pre-test intra CA1 microinjection of prazosin or yohimbine 2 min before WIN55,212- inhibited pre-test WIN55,212-2 response. These results indicate that andalpha;-adrenergic receptors of the dorsal hippocampal CA1 regions may play an important role in cannabinoid-induced amnesia and cannabinoid state-dependent memory. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Evaluation of colonization ability of lactobacilli isolated from traditional cheese and adherence to epithelial cells of human GI tract, Caco-2 cell line
میترا حیدری نصرآبادی مریم تاج آبادی ابراهیمی هدی بهرامی

The aim of this study was to assesandrsquo;colonization ability of 7 lactobacilli strain isolated from traditional cheese in GI[1] trace. So resistance to acidic pH, bile salt and ability to adhere Caco-2 cell line was assessed in vitro. 2 hour acidic treatments lead to More

The aim of this study was to assesandrsquo;colonization ability of 7 lactobacilli strain isolated from traditional cheese in GI[1] trace. So resistance to acidic pH, bile salt and ability to adhere Caco-2 cell line was assessed in vitro. 2 hour acidic treatments lead to 0-4 log reduction of tested strains. Isolate B1D2was fully resistance and no reduction in population observed after acid treatment. Bile salt cause growth delay between 25-180 min for all strains and BH1with D= 25 andplusmn; 4.80 min was the most resistance strain. Ability to adhere Caco-2 cell line was strain depended and GI2 and SL2 were less and most adherent strain respectively. In conclusion evaluation of these 3 factor in vitro indicated that SM3, BD2, SM1, SL2 isolated from Semnan and Babol cheese have colonization ability Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Study of HgCl2 effects on muscle tissue in the Caspian roach ( Rutilus rutilus ) in vitro conditions
سعید محمدزاده باران غلامحسین وثوقی علی ماشینچیان مرادی فاطمه عباسی پرگل قوام مصطفوی

A series of specific toxicological effects including bioaccumulation of the pollutant, histological changes and influences on muscle tissue were examined in the Roach fish (Rutilus rutilus) after the exposure to graded sub lethal concentrations (10 , 30 , 50 andmu;g Hg/ More

A series of specific toxicological effects including bioaccumulation of the pollutant, histological changes and influences on muscle tissue were examined in the Roach fish (Rutilus rutilus) after the exposure to graded sub lethal concentrations (10 , 30 , 50 andmu;g Hg/L) of mercury chloride (MC). Histopathological changes, such as telangiectasis, and degenerative, can clearly be observed in the slices from the muscle exposed Roach. A batch of Roach with the mean values of 5 cm in length and 5.5 g in mass were pre-raised in a static system, which was supplied with dechlorinated tap water and constantly aerated. The water qualities were controlled as follows: pH, 7.45; oxygen concentration, 7 mg/L; the water temperature, 21andndash;22 ◦C. All fish were fed twice a day with a commercial ratio of biomar. Reagents appropriate amount of mercury chloride (MC, AR 98%, Merck-Schuchardt) was dissolved in a stock solution of 0.676g HgCl2/L. Based on the 24 h LC50 value (70 ppb) obtained from the acute exposure test, a graded series (10 , 30 , 50 andmu;g Hg/L) of mercury chloride (MC) were administered to Roach fish (Rutilus rutilus) with 48 fish per group. The chemical exposure experiments lasted for 48 , 96 and 144 hours. These designed exposure levels were sublethal, and could induce obvious alteration of tissues abnormalities and disease at the same time. Manuscript profile

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