Zoonotic Diseases of Dogs: Focusing on Rabies, Leishmaniasis and Echinococcosis
Subject Areas : Journal of Animal BiologyMahboubeh Sadat Hosseinzadeh 1 *
1 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
Keywords: Rabies, World Health Organization, Dogs, Leishmaniasis, Echinococcosis,
Abstract :
Three diseases, rabies, hydatid cyst and leishmaniasis, which are three types of diseases that are transmitted to humans through dogs, and according to the report of the World Health Organization, are considered among the indigenous diseases of Iran. They have been investigated and studied in this research. The purpose of this study is to provide more information about outbreak of these diseases in Iran, related studies and finally to propose solutions and approaches to control the disease. To prevent rabies, it seems that using protective clothing, washing wounds with soap and vaccination as primary treatment is necessary. During the last three decades, despite many efforts to control cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran, the infection rate is still high in some areas. This fact shows that the basic structure and previous support and implementation plan related to diagnosis, medicines and vaccines inside and outside the country are insufficient. In general to control vectors, the use of ethical strategies to reduce the population of stray dogs is recommended, such as castration of stray dogs, identification of dogs with suspicious pedigrees by periodic direct agglutination testing, and prompt treatment or monitoring of those that are seropositive. In addition, due to the importance of human case diagnosis, efficient treatment and targeted public health education are suggested, especially in disease centers.
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1. Abedi M., Doosti-Irani A., Jahanbakhsh F., Sahebkar A. 2019. Epidemiology of animal bite in Iran during a 20-year period (1993-2013): a meta-analysis. Tropical Medicine and Health. 47:55.
2. Abedi-Astaneh F., Hajjaran H., Yaghoobi-Ershadi M.R., Hanafi-Bojd A.A., Mohebali M., Shirzadi M.R. 2016. Risk mapping and situational analysis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Central Iran: a GIS-based survey, PloS One 11 (8), e0161317.
3. Alatif H. Burden and trends of Leishmaniasis over the last one decade across the globe: trend analysis of WHO regions. 2021. Integrative Journal of Medical Sciences. 8.
4. Alvar J., Vélez I.D., Bern C., Herrero M., Desjeux P., Cano J. 2012. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS One, 7:e35671.
5. Apt, W., Pérez, C., Galdamez, E., Campano, S., Vega, F., Vargas D., Ro-dríguez, J., Retamal, C., Cortés, P., Zulantay, I., Rycke, PH. 2000. Equinococosis/hidatidosis en la VII Región de Chile: diagnóstico e in-tervención educativa. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 7(1), 8-16.
6. Asbury A.K. Cornblath D.R. 1990. Assessment of current diagnostic criteria for Guillain–Barre syndrome. Annals of Neurology, 27 (1), S21–S24.
7. Badirzadeh A., Mohebali M., Ghasemian M., Amini H., Zarei Z., Akhoundi B. 2013. Cutaneous and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum in endemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis, northwestern Iran 2002–2011: a case series, Pathogens and Global Health. 107(4) 194-197.
8. Badirzadeh A., Mohebali M., Asadgol Z., Soong L., Zeinali M., Mokhayeri Y. 2017. The burden of leishmaniasis in Iran, acquired from the global burden of disease during 1990-2010. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 7(9):513-518.
9. Bentounsi B, Meradi S, Ayachi A, Cabaret J. 2009. Cestodes of untreated large stray dog populations in Algeria: a reservoir for herbivore and human parasitic diseases. Open veterinary journal, 3:64-67.
10. Bhatt D.R., Hattwick M.A.W., Gerdsen R., Emmons R.W., Johnson H.N. 1974. Human rabies: diagnosis, complications, and management. American journal of diseases of children, 127(6),862–869.
11. Bijari B, Sharifzade GR, Abbasi A, Salehi S. 2011. Epidemiological survey of animal bites in east of Iran. Iranian journal of clinical infectious diseases 6(2):90-2.
12. Budke, CM, Campos-Ponce, M, Qian, W, Torgerson, PR. 2005a. A canine purgation study and risk analysis for echinococcosis in a high endemic region of the Tibetan plateau. Veterinary parasitology 127:43–49.
13. Budke, CM, Jiamin, Q, Craig, PS, Torgerson, PR. 2005b. Modeling the transmission of Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis in dogs for a high endemic region of the Tibetan plateau. International Journal for Parasitology ; 35:163–170.
14. Carrión-Ascarza, Y.P., Bustinza-Cardenas, R.H., Valderrama-Pomé, A.A. 2021. Comiso de vísceras por fascioliasis y equinococosis quística en bovinos, ovinos y caprinos faenados en Apurímac, Perú. Revista MVZ Córdoba, 26(2):1-10.
15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2020. Parasites–Echinococcosis. https://www.cdc.gov/paras ites/echin ococc osis
16. Chaâbane-Banaoues, R., Oudni-M’rad, M., Cabaret, J., M’rad, S., Mezhoud, H., & Babba, H. 2015. Infection of dogs with Echinococcus granulosus: causes and consequences in an hyperendemic area. Parasites and vectors, 8, 1-9.
17. Chahed M.K., Bellali H., Touinsi H., Cherif R., Ben Safta Z., Essoussi M. 2010. Distribution of surgical hydatidosis in Tunisia, results of 2001–2005 study and trends between 1977 and 2005. Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis. 87(1–2):43-52.
18. Ciaramella P., Oliva G.D., De Luna R. 1997. A retrospective clinical study of canine leishmaniasis in 150 dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum. Veterinary Record Case Reports, 141(21):539-543.
19. Craig P.S., Giraudoux P., Shi D., Bartholomot B. 2000. An epidemiological and ecological study of human alveolar echinococcosis transmission in south Gansu, China. Acta tropica, 77:167-177.
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