The Effect of Eight Weeks of Endurance Training on Positive and Negative Gradients with Royal Jelly on Hippocampal Concentration of Carbonyl Protein and Pain Tolerance Threshold of Trimethylettin-treated Alzheimer’s Rats
Subject Areas :
Journal of Animal Biology
Hamid Mousazadeh
1
,
Nematollah Nemati
2
,
Tahereh Bagherpoor
3
1 - Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran
2 - Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran
3 - Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran
Received: 2020-07-19
Accepted : 2020-10-18
Published : 2021-11-22
Keywords:
Exercise,
Alzheimer,
royal jelly,
Carbonyl Protein,
Pain Tolerance Threshold,
Abstract :
Increased oxidative stress causes neuronal damage and incidence of chronic pains in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of endurance exercises in positive (PST) and negative (NST) slope with royal jelly (RJ) on the hippocampal concentration of protein-carbonyl (PC) and pain tolerance threshold (PT) of Alzheimer’s rats with trimethyltin (TMT). In this experimental study, 49 Alzheimer’s rats with intraperitoneal injection of 8 mg/kg neurotoxin TMT were randomly divided into seven groups :(1) AD, (2) sham (normal saline) (Sh), (3) PST, (4) NST, (5) PST + RJ, (6) NST + RJ, and (7) RJ. To investigate the effect of Alzheimer’s disease on research variables, seven rats were included in the healthy control group (C). PST (with the speed of 16 m/min at positive slope (+15%)) and NST (with the speed of 16 m/min at negative slope (-15%)) interventions were carried out for eight weeks, five sessions per week and 60 minutes per session. RJ (dissolved in normal saline) was intraperitoneally consumed for eight weeks at 100 mg/kg /day. One-way ANOVA test along with Tukey post-hoc test were used in SPSS 22 software to investigate the intergroup difference (P ≤0.05). NST caused to decrease hippocampal level of PC (P = 0.001) and PT, as well as PST caused to decrease PT (P = 0.001). NST + RJ caused to decrease the hippocampal levels of PC (P = 0.001) and PT (P = 0.001) in rats with Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, PT significantly reduced in the PST + RJ group (P = 0.001). PC hippocampal levels in the NST + RJ group were lower than in the PST + RJ group (P = 0.001). It seems that NST alone and with RJ have analgesic (anti-pain) and oxidative stress reduce effects. Although the interaction of PST and RJ had analgesic effects, the need of more studies on oxidative stress reducing effects is felt following PST and RJ consumption.
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