The Effect of 8 Weeks of Endurance Exercise, Consumption of Vanadium and Stevia on Structural Changes in the Hamstring Muscle of Type 1 Diabetic Rats

Subject Areas : Journal of Animal Biology

Atefeh  Sarhadi ¹ (Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran)
Ali  Hassani ² (Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran)
Maliheh  Ardakanizadeh ³ (Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Damghan University, Semnan, Iran)

Received: 2021-09-28 Accepted : 2021-11-04 Published : 2022-08-23

Keywords: Endurance training, Stevia, Vanadium, Hamstring Muscle,

Abstract :

Loss of muscle mass is one of the side effects of diabetes that may be delayed by regulating blood sugar levels through exercise or herbal supplements. Thirty-five male rats (180±10 g) were assigned to seven groups of control, diabetic, diabetic + exercise, diabetic + vanadium, diabetic + exercise + vanadium, diabetic + stevia, and diabetic + exercise + stevia. To induce type 1 diabetes, streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally, and vanadium extract (1mg/ml) was daily dissolved in water. The endurance training program consisted of eight weeks of treadmill running, five days a week, starting at 15 minutes at 20 meters/minute and ending at 35 minutes at 30 meters/minute in the final week. Histopathological changes in brain tissue were examined using a light microscope. In order to normalize the parametric data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and for their analysis, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test, and for non-parametric data, Kruskal-Wallis test (p ≤ 0.05) were used. Body weight values ​​in all six experimental groups significantly decreased compared to healthy control group (p=0.001), in vanadium group compared to vanadium + exercise (p = 0.01), and in stevia + exercise group compared to stevia (p = 0.04). In the diabetic group, slight changes in cell number and size improved with exercise along with vanadium and stevia, and consumption of stevia, as well as cell degeneration with exercise along with vanadium and stevia, and consumption of vanadium and stevia (p=0.001). Eight weeks of endurance exercise, stevia, and vanadium intake appear to be effective in regulating body weight as well as improving the hamstring muscle damage caused by diabetes. .

References:

1. Ahmad U., Ahmad R S. 2018. Anti-diabetic property of aqueous extract of stevia rebaudiana bertoni leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in albino rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 18(1): 179.


2. Akashi P. M., Sacco I. C., Watari R., Hennig E. 2008. The effect of diabetic neuropathy and previous footulceration in EMG and ground reaction forces during gait. Clinical Biomechanics, 23(5): 584-592.


3. Akbarzadeh A., Barghahi A., Rahbar A., Daneshi A., Najafpour Bushehri S., Pourkhalili K. 2015. The effects of aqueous extract of stevia plant (Stevia rebaudiana) on serum concentration of vaspin and Angiopoietin-like Protein-3 in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Iranian South Medical Journal, 18(2): 239-249. [In Persian]


4. Amini A., Parto P., Yousufvand N. The Effect of Oral Co-Administration of Zinc Sulfate and Vanadium on The Level of Blood Sugar in Streptozosin Induced Diabetic Rats. Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences, 5(4): 571-577. [In Persian]


5. Amiriparsa T., Attarzadehosseini R., Bije N., Hamedinia M.R. 2020. The effect of combined exercise volume (resistance-aerobic) on neurotrophin changes, neuropathic pain and some functional indicators in postmenopausal women with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility, 22(12): 24-37. [In Persian]


6. Burgomaster K.A., Howarth K.R., Phillips S.M., Rakobowchuk M., MacDonald M.J., McGee S.L. 2008. Similar metabolic adaptations during exercise after low volume sprint interval and traditional endurance training in humans. The Journal of Physiology, 586(1): 151-160.


7. Cauza E., Hanusch-Enserer U., Strasser B., Ludvik B., Metz-Schimmerl S., Pacini G. 2005. The relative benefits of endurance and strength training on the metabolic factors and muscle function of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86(8): 1527-1533.


8. Colberg S. R., Sigal R. J., Fernhall B., Regensteiner J. G., Blissmer B. J., Rubin R. R. 2010. Exercise and type 2 diabetes the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement executive summary. Diabetes Care, 33(12): 2692-2696.


9. Davoodi H., Nikeghbalian , Ajami M., Mohseni-Bandpei A., Sadr S., Eivani M.J., Pazoki-Toroudi H.R. 2013. Effect of vanadium on acute gastric mucosal ulcers induced by indomethacin and ethanol. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology, 7(5): 229-235. [In Persian]


10. Davoodi S.H., Vahidian-Rezazadeh M., Fanaei H. 2018. The effect of endurance and resistance exercises and consumption of hydro-alcoholic extract of nettle on the changes in weight and plasma levels of nesfatin-1 in type 1 diabetic rats. Feyz, 22(4): 362-369. [In Persian]


11. Eshtiaghi R., Omrani G. h., Dehghani G. H. 2000. Evaluation of metabolic effects of vanadil sulfate on type 2 diabetic patients. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2(4): 219-215. [In Persian]


12. Frier B. C, Noble E. G, Locke M. 2008. Diabetes induced atrophy is associated with a muscle specific alteration in NF-κB activation and ex pression. Cell Stress and Chaperones, 13(3): 287-296.


13. Hoseini P., Abdi H., Ziaolhagh J. 2020. The effect of Stevia extract and endurance training on liver enzymes in obese male Wistar rats. Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 63(3): 2484-2492. [In Persian]


14. Jafarnezhadgero A.A, Mamashli E., Alizadeh R. 2021. Comparison of frequency spectrum of the selected lower limb muscles between patients with diabetic neuropathy and healthy peers during walking. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 9(4): 163-172. [In Persian]


15. Karami paskohani A., Rahmati M., Kazemi A. 2015. Modulation of Sunday driver Gene Expression in soleus muscle of rats with diabeteic neuropathy following endurance training. International Journal of Damage Mechanics, 14(3): 170-176. [In Persian]


16. Kazemi F. 2016. The effect of endurance training on some metabolic parameters of type 2 diabetic rats induced by nicotine amide and streptozotocin. Sports Life Sciences, 9(4): 457-471. [In Persian]


17. Laffel L. 1999. Ketone bodies: a review of physiology, pathophysiology and application of monitoring to diabetes. Diabetes/metabolism Research and Reviews, 15(6): 412-426.


18. Lee S. W, et al. 2015. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass and insulin resistance in an elderly Korean population: The Korean social life, health and aging project- health examination cohort. Diabetic metabolism Journal, 39(1): 37-45.


19. Mohammadi M., Mesbah F., Dahghani G. A. 2007. Vanadyl Sulphate and its Regenerative and Trophic Effects on Beta Cells of Pancreas of STZ-Induced Diabetic Mellitus Rats. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology & Metabolism, 9(2): 133-216. [In Persian]


20. Monazzami A. 2010. The effect of endurance training on sodium-hydrogen exchange protein content and sodium bicarbonate cotransporter in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. Iranian Journal of Lipid and Diabetes, 10(3): 251-262. [In Persian]


21. Najafi F., Goodarzi N., Zangeneh M. M., Zangeneh A., Hagh-nazari L. 2017. 2017. Antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effects of bitter fraction of stevia rebaudiana alcoholic extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetic male mice. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 16(6): 493-504. [In Persian]


22. Praet S.F., Van Loon L.J. 2007. Optimizing the therapeutic benefits of exercise in type 2 diabetes. Journal of Applied Physiology, 103(4): 1113-1120.


23. Rami M., Fathi M., Rahmati M., Tabandeh M. R. 2020. Effect of 6 Weeks Endurance Exercise on Hippocampal Pannexin-1 and NLRP-1 Protein Levels in Experimental Diabetic Male Wistar Rats. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University Medicine Sciences, 28(2): 2384-2398.


24. Šerbedžija P., Madl J.E., Ishii D.N. 2009. Insulin and IGF-I prevent brain atrophy and DNA loss in diabetes. Brain Research, 15(1303): 179-194.


25. Yang J.S., Lu C.C., Kuo S.C., Hsu Y.M., Tsai S.C., Chen S.Y. 2017. Autophagy and its link to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomedicine, 7(2): 8.


26. Young M., Boulton A., MacLeod A., Williams D., Sonksen P. 1993. A multicentre study of the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the United Kingdom hospital clinic population. Diabetologia Journal, 36(2): 150-154.


27. Ziaolhagh S.J, Khojasteh L., Ziaolhagh S.S., Yahyaei B. 2018. The effect of boldenone anabolic steroid, and endurance and resistance training on liver damage markers in rats. Feyz, 22(2): 143-52. [In Persian]