The role of doctrine in the development of the Martens clause with an emphasis on Judge Trindad's thoughts

Subject Areas : International Legal Research

Maysam Gharaei ¹ , Heibatollah Najandimanesh ^{2 *} , mohammad reza Alipour ³

1 -
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Assistant Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Science, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2024-10-02 Accepted : 2025-01-14 Published : 2025-08-19

Keywords: Martens clause, Laws of humanity, Requirements of the public, Judge Trinidad, Legal obligation of states, humanitarian rights,

Abstract :

Abstract

Field and Aims: Thepossibilityof rule-making in customaryinternational law,based on the principlescontainedinthe"Martens clause",thats,theprincipleof humanityandtheprovisionsofpredictions,hasbeenencountered, accordingtoseveralopinions,byusingthedecisionmakingoftheHagueConventionof1899untilArticle3of theCowritingConventionof 2023.Proponentsofthenaturalschoolwithabroadinterpretationasasourceininternationallaw, onthecontrary,theproponentsof thevolitionalschoolwithanarrowinterpretationandsomeothershavedealtwithitwithanintermediateview.In the meantime,doctrineinthejudicialproceduresof thecourt hasa fundamentalroleand positionindeterminingandconstructingcustomaryrulesandon the other hand, the origin and criteria for accepting the evolution of rules in customary international law can be found in the approval of the Martens clause. The main question in this article is what effect the doctrine, especially the thoughts of Judge Trindad, had on the Martens clause.Method: This article is written in a descriptive-analytical way. Finding and Conclusion: The doctrine has gone out of its traditional form and appears in various forms today. Separate opinions of judges, especially Judge Trindad, in the judgments and advisory opinions issued by the International Court of Justice are one of the most important manifestations of the doctrine in the field of international law. This judge has expressed most of his opinions around the content of the Martens clause. With regard to paragraph (d) of Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, which states: "judicial decisions and teachings of the most prominent jurists of different nations are considered secondary tools for determining legal rules", according to the findings of this research, the discourse and The legal studies conducted on the role of the Martens clause in various judicial opinions and opinions have to a large extent been able to cause the growth and development of humanitarian law and especially the Martensclause

References:

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