Analysis of the civil responsibility of the cause and the steward in the legal system

Subject Areas : International Legal Research

ali babaei ¹ (PhD Student in Private Law, Department of Law, Qeshm International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran.)
alireza Rajabzadeh Isthabanati ² (Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Law, International Branch, Qeshm Islamic Azad University of Iran (Corresponding Author).)
alireza mazlom rahni ³ (Assistant Professor of Law, Ghods City Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ghods City, Iran)

Received: 2022-03-15 Accepted : 2022-07-02 Published : 2022-05-22

Keywords: compensation, Civil liability, cause and effect society, customary citation,

Abstract :

Field and Aims: Civil liability have specific functions both in relation to the victim and in relation to the cause of the loss and in relation to the target society. Perhaps the principle of the necessity of compensation can be considered the most important principle governing civil liability. The issue of multiplicity of causes is dedicated to examining the effect of various causes in relation to a single loss. This may be in the form of a collection of the above-mentioned causes that form a single source independently in a longitudinal or transverse way to guarantee the creation of damage, or that multiple causes are independent and each cause is considered. The condition for the realization of responsibility is the existence of a relationship of causation, and this means that the relationship of causation is placed next to other conditions of responsibility. That is, if the relationship of causation is not established, there will be no responsibility.Method: The present research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: In this research, an attempt has been made to compare the mentioned issue in the laws of Iran and Islamic jurisprudence, as well as in the current laws, including the civil law, the Islamic Penal Code approved in 1370 and the Islamic Penal Code approved in 1392. With the changes brought about by Article 526 of the Islamic Penal Code of 2013, in the state of community, the cause and the steward are basically both responsible, with the difference in the impact of the intervention, the responsibility will be relative and the trend with material and objective factors in Iranian law is more It is one of the blameworthy and immaterial factors. The guarantee of the first cause in the effect, which is famous in the case of long association of causes in Iranian jurisprudence and law, is not dissimilar to the same guarantee of the cause and the primary agent against the dependent intervening agent. A steward who commits a crime and harm under the influence of the primary factor is responsible in Iranian law, as long as he is not deprived of his will.

References:

- باریکلو، علیرضا. (1385). مسئولیت مدنی. تهران. چاپ اول. میزان.

- جعفری لنگرودی، محمدجعفر. (۱۳۷۸). ترمینولوژی حقوق. جلد۱۰.گنج دانش.

- حاجی­ده آبادی، احمد. (۱۳۹۰). استناد و نقش آن در شرکت در جرم. تحقیقات حقوقی، 14(53)، 146-107.

https://lawresearchmagazine.sbu.ac.ir/article_56252.html

- حسینی‌نژاد، حسین قلی. (1389). مسئولیت مدنی. مجد.

- خوانساری، حاج سیداحمد. (1388). جامع المدارک. دارالکتب العلمیه.

- رستمی، هادی؛ شعبانی کندسری، هادی. (۱395). احراز رابطه سببیت در فرض مداخله عوامل گوناگون در جنایات و خسارات مالی (با تأکید بر قانون مجازات اسلامی سال ۱392). پژوهش حقوق کیفری، 4(15)، 171-144.

https://jclr.atu.ac.ir/article_4439.html

- ساولانی، اسماعیل. (۱395). حقوق جزای عمومی. مشاهیر دادآفرین.

- شهید اول. (۱379). غایه المراد فی شرح نکت الارشاد. جلد چهارم. المکتب الاعلام الاسلامی.

- صادقی، محمدهادی. (۱392). اجتماع سبب و مباشر در قانون مجازات اسلامی. مطالعات حقوقی دانشگاه شیراز، 6(2)، 123-97.

https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=241520

- طباطبایی، سید علی. (۱386). ریاض. جلد دوم. دارالکتب الاسلامیه.

- عاملی، زین­الدین معروف به شهید ثانی. (۱4۱9). مسالک الافهام فی شرح شرایع الاسلام. جلد 15. مؤسسه معارف اسلامی.

- قیاسی، جلال الدین. (1393). تسبیب در قوانین کیفری. چاپ 9. جنگل جاودانه.

- کاتوزیان، ناصر (۱386). الزام‌های خارج از قرارداد (ضمان قهری) مسئولیت مدنی.جلد 2. موسسۀ چاپ و انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.

- گلدوزیان، ایرج. (۱387). محشای قانون مجازات اسلامی. مجد.

- محسنی، فرید؛ ملکوتی، نصیر. (1394). رابطه سببیت در قانون مجازات اسلامی 1392. مجله حقوقی دادگستری، 79(91)، 157-133.

http://www.jlj.ir/article_15719.html

- میر محمدصادقی، حسین. (1393). جرایم علیه اشخاص. چاپ 13. میزان.

- هاشمی شاهرودی، سید محمود. (1423). موسوعه الفقه الاسلامی. جلد 9. چاپ اول. مؤسسه دایرۀ المعارف فقه اسلامی بر مذهب اهل‌بیت (ع).