Study of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) phenologic stages at interference with three sunflower hybrids
Subject Areas : Agroecology Journal
Bahram Mirshekari
1
(Assistant Professor of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch)
Keywords: Phenology, Redroot Pigweed. Sunflower, Interference, Relative time of emergence,
Abstract :
In order to study of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) phenology at interference with three sunflower, Helianthus annus L., cultivars, two field experiments were conducted during 2005-2006. Factorial experiments were established on randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were combination of three different weed densities (8.3, 25 and 41.7 plants m-2) at three relative times of weed emergence (emerged with sunflower, 15 and 30 days after sunflower emergence) using three different sunflower cultivars (Azarghol, Hysun 33 and Allstar RM). Analysis of variance revealed that the year effect was not significant. Redroot pigweed leaf number in each plant decreased significantly, by increasing weed density and delaying of weed emergence time. Sunflower cultivars also indicated different reactions. In redroot pigweeds that emerging with sunflower, branching at densities of 5, 15 and 25 plants/ m-2 of row delayed 0.67, 0.33 and 2 days in Azarghol, 1.68, 1.33 and 4.33 days in Hysun, in comparison with emergence at 15 days after sunflower, and delaying in Allstar was nearly zero. In three sunflower cultivars, with increasing of density and delaying of emergence time, flowering in redroot pigweed delayed and relative time of weed emergence was more effective than weed density. Earlier emergence of weed has higher effect on flowering delaying of Allstar, compared with two other cultivars. In all sunflower hybrids, time from flowering to seed maturity and growth period of redroot pigweed decreased in treatments with higher sunflower side branches.
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