The amount of waste has been steadily increasing due to the increasing human population and urbanization. Waste materials are generated from manufacturing processes, industries and municipal solid wastes (MSW). A large number of components in MSW create health and envir
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The amount of waste has been steadily increasing due to the increasing human population and urbanization. Waste materials are generated from manufacturing processes, industries and municipal solid wastes (MSW). A large number of components in MSW create health and environmental problems. Health impacts include exposure to toxic chemicals through air, water and soil media; exposure to infection and biological contaminants. The environmental impacts can be pollution and global warming, photochemical oxidant creation, abiotic resource depletion, acidification, eutrophication, and eco toxicity to water. The communities, industries, and individuals have, therefore, found several ways to reduce and better manage Municipal Solid Waste through a combination of practices not only to extract reusable components but to generate energy in the form of heat or electricity. These practices include source reduction, recycling, and processing/disposal through different technologies such as composting, combustion/incineration, gasification, anaerobic digestion, landfill and so on. The increasing awareness about the environment has tremendously contributed to the concerns related with disposal of the generated wastes. This paper presents a detailed review about waste and waste management options, and research published on the effect of waste materials on environment.
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