The Effect of Spiritual Intelligence Training on the Development of Spiritual Intelligence and Aggression of Isfahan’s Women Volleyball Coaches

Subject Areas : Social Psychology Studies in sport

Alireza Zamani Nukaabadi ¹ , Farzane Abdi ²

1 - Department of Physical education Islamic. Dehaghan branch, Islamic Azad University, Dehaghan , Iran
2 - Department,of Sport management, Sport Sciences faculty, Isfahan (Khorasgan)branch, Islamic Azad University. Isfahan. Iran.

Received: 2022-06-01 Accepted : 2022-12-07 Published : 2023-06-22

Keywords: aggression, Women's coaches, spiritual intelligence,

Abstract :

Objective: In recent years, the concept of intelligence has not only been regarded as a cognitive ability, but has been expanded to other areas such as emotional intelligence, existential intelligence, moral intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and so on. Spiritual intelligence is defined as a set of abilities, capacities and spiritual resources that can be used in daily life can increase one's adaptability. Aggression is a practice that aims to act physically or psychologically. Aggressive perspectives in sports are also two -sided views; On the one hand, sports sites are the only place where aggression is not only permitted, but also aggressive behavior. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 9 session of spiritual intelligence training on development of spiritual intelligence and aggression of women's volleyball coaches in Isfahan city.Methodology: This research method was semi-experimental which is done via survey method. The population of this research was women's volleyball coaches in Isfahan city. From the target population 40 women's volleyball coaches randomly selected and then assigned in two experimental (N=20) and control groups (N=20). For gathering data used three Questionaires include demographic questionnaire, King spiritual Intelligence standard questionaire, and AQ aggression questionnaire. After verifying the face validity of questionnaires by professionals, reliability of questions was investigated through Cronbach Alpha method. This coefficient for spiritual intelligence questionnaires was 0/78, nd aggression was 0/89. Colmogtof-Semirnof test, Levin test and analysis of covariance was used to analyze the findings of the research.Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the spiritual intelligence, in two experimental and control groups after nine sessions of training spiritual intelligence. In other words, nine spiritual intelligence training sessions have influenced the amount of spiritual intelligence in volleyball woman coaches. Considering the Etta context, it can be said that 60 % of these changes were due to the impact of intervention, nine spiritual intelligence training sessions. Also, the results showed that there was a significant difference between the aggression, in two experimental and control groups after nine sessions of training spiritual intelligence. Considering the Etta context, it can be said that 41 % of these changes were due to the effect of intervention nine spiritual intelligence training sessions.Conclusion: Spiritual intelligence grows through education and can have a positive effect on reducing aggression in woman's Volleyball coaches. When a person needs a counselor to deal with life pressure, the spiritual domain can help the individual find meaning in stressful situations and this confrontation can be an attempt to find meaning in the position. Found hard; If we consider the ability to help spiritual resources as an intelligence, then this ability should help solve life problems and reach goals and lead to better adaptation.

References:

Azarmi, S., Farzam, F., Amirnejad, A. (2018). Investigating the Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Ardebil Province Physical Education Teachers. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 12 (24), 69-84.

Barghi Moghaddam, J., Rasouli, S., Nekufar M. (2017). Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Team Culture with the Sports Ethics of the Athletes of Sports Teams. Bioethics Journal, 7(26), 77 -84.  

Behrozi, H., Zarezade M., Saberi Kakhaki, A. (2014). Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Aggression of Boy Players Teenage Players. Sport Psychology Studies, 6, 81-94.

Esmaili R., Mousavi Davoudi S.M, Nasiri Amiri F. (2021). The Impact  of  Spiritual  Intelligence  on  Aggressive  Behavior,  Considering the Mediating Role of Professional Ethics: A Case Study of Nurses of Imam Ali (pbuh) Hospital in Alborz, Iran. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2021;7(3): 35-50.

Fasanghari, E., Mohammad Hassan, F., Fasanghari, J. (2017). Investigating the Role of Spiritual Intelligence on Work Ethics and General Health of Sport Teachers. Sport Management Studies, 9(45), 53-72.  

Ghadami Norabadi, S., Badami R., Nazari, R. (2017). The effect of spiritual intelligence on quality of sleep and attention of skilled volleyball players. Positive Psychology Research, 3(1), 19-28.

Ghazvineh M.H, Tojari, F., Zarei, A. (2019). Investigating of Casual Relation of Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence on Effectiveness of Sport Instructors: Mediation Role of Self-Efficacy. Sport Psychology Studies, 8(29), 39-60.

Ghobari Bonab B., Salimi, M., Soleymani L., Nori Moghadam, S. (2007). Spirtual Intellibence. Andishe Novine Dini, 3(10), 125-147.

Haditabar, H. (2011). Effect of spiritual intelligence components training on the quality of life of veteran wife’s working in school in Tehran. Journal of Veteran Medicine, 4(14), 1-11.

Hadi, H., Sepehriyan M., BaranCheshme M., Entezari H. (2021). Determining the Relationship Between Spiritual Intelligence and Sport Ethics in I.R.I. Police Championship Base Athletes.  Journal of Health Promotion Management, 10(3), 5-11.

Hajian A., Sheikhuleslam M., Homaei, R., Rahimi, F., Aminoroaia, M. (2013). Relationship between spiritual and emotional intelligence. Behavior Sciences Researches, 10(6), 499-508.  

Jahanian E. (2014). Prediction sport ethics based of spiritual intelligence in athletes of soccer national team. 3re international sport sciences: Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University.

Khodayari, M. (2015), Development of Spiritual Intelligence Scale (SQS): Theoretical base and operational issues, Research of Psychology and Educational University of Tehran. Tehran: Iran.

Kiani Oshtorjani S., Badami, R. (2018). Sociological analysis of the Effect of Sportspersonship and Coach Power on Behavior and Risk Rate on Youth Martial with Due to the Mediating Role of Coach-Athlete Relationship. Social Sciences, 12(40), 81-96.  

King, D. (2008). Rethinking claims of spiritual intelligence: A definition model, and measure. Peterborough, ON, Canada: Trent University.

Liau, A. K., Liau, M. T. L., Liau, A. W. L. Teoh, G. B. S. (2003). The case for emotional literacy: the influence of emotional intelligence on problem behaviors in Malaysia. Secondary school students. Journal of Moral Education, 32: 54-62.

Peymanfar, M.H., Saatchian V., Eghbali Hashtjin B., Peymanfar H. (2012). Structural Model of Factors Influencing the Spiritual Intelligence of the Zorkhaneh Athletes. Sport Management Studies, 1, 57-68.

Nayebi N., Zargar T. (2019). Relationship between spiritual intelligence and achievement motivation in performance of team sport' athletes. Bulletin of sport management and motor behavioral, 15(30), 303-312.  

Sadeghifard Y., Mohamadian F., Veisani Y. (2021). investing the Relationship between spirituality with Aggression and individual persistence in students of Applied Academic clinics of ilam city in the year of Education of 1396- 1397, 4 (3), 77-87.

Peymanfar M.H., V. Sa’atchian, V., Eghbali, B., Peymanfar H.R. (2013).  Structural Model of Factors Influencing the Spiritual Intelligence of the Zorkhaneh Athletes. Sport Psychologo Studies, 1: 57-68.

Sohrabi, F. (2008). Foundations of spiritual intelligence. Journal of Mental Health, 1(1), 14- 18.

Varahram, B., Jafari, A. (2021). Analysis of the relationship spiritual intelligence and organizational commitment of staff departments and youth sport (Case study: Golestan Province). Journal of Management and Organizational behavior in Sport, 10(3), 83-93.

Yusefi, S., Sharifian, E., Ghahramn Tabrizi K., Zarki P. (2016). The connection between the ethical criteria of coaches and the tendencies of sports aggression in national team athletes. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 12(24), 25-38.

Zar A, Rezaei F. Evaluation of the effectiveness of Physical Activity and Exercise on Dimensions of Soldiers' Spiritual Intelligence. Journal of Marine Medicine, 2021; 3 (1) :21-26.  

Zardoshtian S., Farzi H., Elbakhi, M. (2017). Investigating the Role of Sport Confidence in the Relationship of Spiritual Intelligence and Karate Self –efficacy. Sport Management, 9(4), 663-378.

Zardoshtian S., Karimi J., Hoseini M. (2018). Explain The Relationship Between Spiritual Intelligence And Aggression with Mediating Role Of Resiliency In Between Asian Kung Fu workers. Organizational Behavior Management in Sport Studies, 5(1), 55-62.