Analyzing the situation of human resources and effect on the development and social sustainable performance of Iran's football industry
Subject Areas :
Sustainable development studies in sport
javad moradi
1
,
Zahra Sohrabi
2
,
soheila noroozian
3
1 - Department of physical education, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
2 - Department of Sports Management, Educational Sciences and Psychology Faculty, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran.
3 - Department of Physical Education, Physical Education and Sports Sciences Faculty , Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran.
Received: 2022-09-09
Accepted : 2022-12-07
Published : 2023-03-21
Keywords:
development,
social sustainable performance,
Human Resources,
Abstract :
Objective: Today, due to the globalization of competition, rapid technological advances, continuous environmental changes, organizations are faced with uncertainties that have forced them to move beyond the local and national level to the international level based on new competitive patterns. have a more special look. By taking a comparative look at the countries of the world and comparing advanced countries, we find that the reason for the progress and development of countries is having efficient and capable human capital. If a society does not have this blessing, it certainly cannot achieve its desired goal. Therefore, the existence of effective human capital is one of the prerequisites for progress and development of any country. according to this, the purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the state of human resources and its effect on the development and social sustainable performance of Iran's football industry.Methodology: Considering the exploratory nature of the research, the qualitative research method was used to identify the most important factors related to the research topic. For this purpose, The required data were collected using in-depth interviews and analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. According to the use of foundation data method, the research sample was selected as a combination of theoretical and snowball sampling methods.Results : Research findings were obtained using simultaneous analysis and coding process, during and after the interviews. In the end, the research results showed research showed obstacles in 2 general sectors, including organizational and behavioral factors, have an effect on the social sustainable performance of the Iranian football industry, and in order to have a social sustainable performance in the two sectors, the above obstacles should be specially addressed.Conclusion: In the current, organizations gain their real power and authority through the existence of expert human resources, as strategic assets. Humans, by possessing the greatest source of power, thinking, can provide the means of excellence, movement and growth of the organization. based on the findings of the research and since human resources are the most important asset of the organization and the essential factor for gaining a competitive advantage, in order to remove the obstacles affecting the development and social sustainable performance of the Iranian football industry in this field, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of planning, governance, Legal opportunities, training, support and facilities, partnership opportunities, transparency, integrated system of knowledge management and strategic management of human resources overcome the challenges.
References:
Abu Bakir Sahar, Moh’d. (2019). Human Resources Development Strategy and its Role in Promoting Employees Strategic Thinking Competencies: A Study at Jordanian Information Technology Companies. European Scientific Journal. ESJ. 15(4): 238-262.
Ahmadi, A. Fekrat. Amirtash, A. (2022). Presenting a paradigm model of sports economy development strategies with sociological approach and ranking of these strategies. Journal of Strategic Sociological Studies in Sport. 3(4).
Alika, I. J., & Aibieyi, S. (2014). Human capital: Definitions, approaches and management dynamics. Journal of Business Administration and Education, 5(1).64-79.
Asadi, F. Mozafari, S. Zarei, A. (2017). The relationship between human resource management and organizational performance from the perspective of the staff experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran, Contemporary Researches in Sports Management, 7(13). 23-30. [ Persian]
Bahreini, E. MirUsefi, S. Biglari, N. (2021). The Role of Good Governance Indicators in Explaining Human Resources Development of Youth and Sport Offices, Sport Management, 13(2). 659- 686. [ Persian]
Balvandi, & Zardashtian, Sh (2019). The effect of strategic human resource management methods on organizational performance with the mediating role of organizational innovation in the experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, Journal of Human Resource Management in Sports, 6, 221-239. [ Persian]
Bebchuk L, Cohen A, Wang C. (2013). Learning and the disappearing association between governance and returns. Journal of Financial Economics. 2013; 108: 323–48
Becker, B. E., Huselid, M. A., & Ulrich, D. (2001). The HR Scorecard: Linking People, Strategy and Performance. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Beigi, T & Fitras, M. (2018). Measuring the impact of human capital on the organizational performance of Iran's banking industry: from the perspective of intangible assets. Industrial Management Quarterly, School of Human Sciences, 4(10) 81 -90. [ Persian]
Beygami Z, Hamidi M, Sajjadi, S N, Honari H. (2017). Designing a structural model for human resource management policies and organizational performance in the Ministry of Sports and Youth . (In Persian). Sports Management and Development. 2017; 6(2): 50-69. [ Persian]
Bontis, N., & Serenko, A. (2009). A Causal Model of Human Capital Antecedents and Consequents in the Financial Services Industry. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 10(1), 53-69.
Buller, P. F., & McEvoy, G. M. (2012). Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight, Human resource management review.12(3). 43-56.
Byremo, Cathrine. (2015). Human esource Management and Organisational Performance Does HRM lead to improved organisational performance? Master’s. hesis in Organisation, Leadership and Work Department of Sociology and Human Geography Faculty of Social Sciences ,UNIVERSITY OF OSLO.
Chen, L.H, liaw. S.Y, lee, T.Z. (2008). Using HRM pattern approach to examine the productivity of manufacturing firms: an empirical study، international journal of manpower, 24(3).229-320.
Rezaee, Z. (2017). Corporate Sustainability: Theoretical and Integrated Strategic Imperative and Pragmatic Approach. Journal of Business Inquiry: Research, Education & Application, 16(1). [ Persian]
Coulmont, M., Berthelot, S. & Gagné, V. 2022. Sustainability performance indicator trends: a Canadian industry-based analysis International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility . 7, 2.
Dari, B,. (2003). The role of human resources development in the creation of world-class organizations: a strategic necessity in the country's development perspective, management and development process, Volume 16, . 4 (58), 13-22.[ Persian]
Danaeifard, H & Emami, S M (2008). Qualitative Research Strategies: A Reflection on Foundation Data Theorizing, Management Thought, First Year,. 2,. 69-97.[ Persian]
Dehghanan, H. Rahmati, K. (1995). Factors affecting the success of electronic human resources management Scientific-Research Quarterly Journal of Management Studies (Improvement and Transformation). 25( 82), 123 – 145. [ Persian]
Dhigolari, F. (2018). Examining the role of the university in creating human capital and presenting a suitable model for the improvement of the country's higher education system. M.A thesis, Islamic Azad University: Research Sciences Department, Tehran.
Doleh F, Saifullah S, Zanjani H. "Study of the grounds and obstacles to the formation of good governance in contemporary Iran". (In Persian). Journal of Social Sciences. 2019; 13(2): 154-173. [ Persian]
Ehsani, M, & Qara Khanlou, H (2008) Study of human resources situation in professional sports in the country, Quarterly Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences 1(3), 15-22. [ Persian]
Elahi, A (2007). Obstacles and solutions to the economic development of Iran's football industry . PhD Thesis, University of Tehran.
Firer, S. & Williams, S. M. (2003). Intellectual Capital and Traditional Measures of Corporate Performance, Journal of Intellectual capital, 4(3): 348-360.
Ganotakis, P. (2012). Founder's human capital and the performance of UK new technology based firms. Small Business Economics, 39(2), 465-515.
Gheysari, Iman & Khalili Nasr, A. (2019). The effect of strategic human resource management on the performance of platform companies, Enterprise Resource Management Research. 9(2). pp: 102-117. [ Persian]
Green, B. C. (2005). Building Sport Program to Optimal Athlete Recruitment, Retentionand Transition: Toward a Normative Theory of Sport Development, Journal of Sport Management, 19.
Grant, R. (1996). Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm," Strategic Management Journal.3(18). 109- 122.
Anneliese (1996), Human resources management as a fundamental aspect of a sport development strategy in South African communities, Journal of sport management, 10, 207-217
Where do we stand on the 17 Sustainable Development Goals? An overview on progress
Halkos, G. Gkampoura, H. (2021). Economic Analysis and Policy. 70. PP: 94-122
Hitt, Michael, Bierman, Leonard, Shimizu, Katsuhiko & Kochhar, Rahul (2004). Direct and Moderating Effects of Human Capital on Strategy and Performance in Professional Service Firms: A resource-based Perspective. The Academy of Management Journal. 44, 13-28.
Jha, M.K., Rangarajan, K.(2020). Analysis of corporate sustainability performance and corporate financial performance causal linkage in the Indian context. Asian Journal of Sustainability and Social Responsibility. 5, 10 .
Jahanian, R. (2018). Study of Human Resource Development Standards at Marine educational organizations. Teaching in Marine Science, 5(3), 103-117. [ Persian]
Jalayee, S. Bakhshandeh, H. Esmaili, M. Rasooli. M. (2017). The Role of Human Resources in the Economic Growth of Irans Sports Industry. Sports management studies. 10(48). 67-88.
Khabiri, M. (2002). Comparison of the status of the professional football league clubs of the Islamic Republic of Iran according to the standards of UEFA and the selected clubs of Japan, South Korea, the United Arab Emirates and Turkey. Research in sport science, 3(8), 15-34. [ Persian]
Lindsey, I. (2008). Conceptualizing sustainability in sports development. Leisure Studies. 27(3): 279-294.
Marimuthu, M., Arokiasamy, L., & Ismail, M. (2009). Human Capital Development and its Impact on Firm Performance: Evidence from Developmental Economics. J. of International Social Research, 2(8).
Martinez, D. Marchi, V. EleonoraDi, M. 2021. The sustainability performances of sustainable business models. Journal of Cleaner Production. 323(10), 129145.
Muzenda A. (2014). Estimating the Impact of Governance Quality on Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Public Policy and Administration Research. 4 (10): 2225-0972.
Mondalizadeh, Z. Ehsani, Hashem Kozechian, H. Honari, H. (2021) Sport Sustainable Development; Concepts, Barriers, and Proposals, Sport Development and Management. 25. 47-61. [ Persian]
Moradi, J; Nazari, R. (2019) Analysis of effective economic and financial barriers on development and sustainable performance of Iranian football industry based on Grounded Theory, Sport Development and Management. 3(19),154-166. [ Persian]
Moradi Chaleshtari, J. Nazari, R. (2019). The Analysis of Barriers Influencing Sustainable Performance of Iran Football Industry, New Trends in Sport Management, , 7(26), PP: 37-54, [Persian].
Moradi Chaleshtari, J. noroozian, S. jamali, M. (2016). Investigating the structural barriers affecting the attraction of foreign investments in Iran's football industry. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior. 12(23). PP: 191-204. [ Persian]
Nazari, R., & Panahian A. (1394). Structural Equation Modeling of Empowering and Effectiveness of Human Capital due to Delegating Employees in Sport Organizations. Journal of Human Resource Management in Sport, 3(1), 35-44. [ Persian]
Naderi, M. Ehsani, M. Khabeiri, M. Amiri, M. Qarakhani, M. (2011). Investigating the current situation of football in the Islamic Republic of Iran and determining the situation. Sport Management. 9(3).PP: 5-27. [ Persian]
Putra, M. A., Teh, K. C., Tan, J., & Choong, T. S. Y. (2020). Sustainability assessment of Indonesian cement manufacturing via integrated life cycle assessment and analytical hierarchy process method. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 29352- 29360.
Ramazaninezhad, R & Hojabri, K. (2017), The basics of sports development and its application in Iranian sports, Strategy and Parliament, 91. PP:231-245.
Rahimi, F. HajiKarimi, A. (2012), The role of human resource investment in competitive advantage (Case of: pharmaceutical industry). Transformation management research paper,3(6), 138-157. [ Persian]
Rogers, E. W. & Wright, P. M. (2018). “Measuring organizational performance in strategic human resource management: Problems and prospects , CAHRS Working Paper.
Rothenberg, S., Hull, C. E., Tang, Z. (2017). "The impact of human resource management on corporate social performance strengths and concerns". Business & Society, 56(3), 391-418.
Snape, E., and Redman, T. (2010). HRM Practices, Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, and Performance: A Multi- Level Analysis. Journal of Management Studies, 45, 1219-1247.
Sohrabi B, Raeesi Vanani I, Abedin E. (2018). Evaluation of Information Systems Development and Implementation Trends in the Field of Human Resources Management Using Text Mining Techniques, Organizational Culture Management. 15(46): 977-999. [ Persian]
Stewart, G. L & Brown, K. G. (2009). "Human resource management, linking strategy to practice . John Wiley, New York, p: 591.
Tarighi, R. Ahmadi, H. Salehi , M. (2022). Identifying the Factors Affecting the Brand Associations of Iranian Futsal Premier League Clubs. Journal of Strategic Sociological Studies in Sport. 2(1). 88-102.
Tayles, M., Bramley, A., Adshead, N., & Farr, J. (2002). Dealing with the Management of Intellectual Capital: The Potential Role of Strategic Management Accounting. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 15(2), 251-267.
Yazdani, H. (2016). Investigating mutual relationships between the components of intellectual capital (human capital, structural capital, customer capital) and the effects of these capitals on the organizational performance of Bank Mellat branches in Tehran province. M.A, thesis, University of Tehran. [ Persian]
Zhongqingyang Z. Huiming Z. Zhongbao Z. Kai Z. (2022). How does innovation matter for sustainable performance? Evidence from small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Business Research, PP: 251-265.
_||_
Abu Bakir Sahar, Moh’d. (2019). Human Resources Development Strategy and its Role in Promoting Employees Strategic Thinking Competencies: A Study at Jordanian Information Technology Companies. European Scientific Journal. ESJ. 15(4): 238-262.
Ahmadi, A. Fekrat. Amirtash, A. (2022). Presenting a paradigm model of sports economy development strategies with sociological approach and ranking of these strategies. Journal of Strategic Sociological Studies in Sport. 3(4).
Alika, I. J., & Aibieyi, S. (2014). Human capital: Definitions, approaches and management dynamics. Journal of Business Administration and Education, 5(1).64-79.
Asadi, F. Mozafari, S. Zarei, A. (2017). The relationship between human resource management and organizational performance from the perspective of the staff experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran, Contemporary Researches in Sports Management, 7(13). 23-30. [ Persian]
Bahreini, E. MirUsefi, S. Biglari, N. (2021). The Role of Good Governance Indicators in Explaining Human Resources Development of Youth and Sport Offices, Sport Management, 13(2). 659- 686. [ Persian]
Balvandi, & Zardashtian, Sh (2019). The effect of strategic human resource management methods on organizational performance with the mediating role of organizational innovation in the experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, Journal of Human Resource Management in Sports, 6, 221-239. [ Persian]
Bebchuk L, Cohen A, Wang C. (2013). Learning and the disappearing association between governance and returns. Journal of Financial Economics. 2013; 108: 323–48
Becker, B. E., Huselid, M. A., & Ulrich, D. (2001). The HR Scorecard: Linking People, Strategy and Performance. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Beigi, T & Fitras, M. (2018). Measuring the impact of human capital on the organizational performance of Iran's banking industry: from the perspective of intangible assets. Industrial Management Quarterly, School of Human Sciences, 4(10) 81 -90. [ Persian]
Beygami Z, Hamidi M, Sajjadi, S N, Honari H. (2017). Designing a structural model for human resource management policies and organizational performance in the Ministry of Sports and Youth . (In Persian). Sports Management and Development. 2017; 6(2): 50-69. [ Persian]
Bontis, N., & Serenko, A. (2009). A Causal Model of Human Capital Antecedents and Consequents in the Financial Services Industry. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 10(1), 53-69.
Buller, P. F., & McEvoy, G. M. (2012). Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight, Human resource management review.12(3). 43-56.
Byremo, Cathrine. (2015). Human esource Management and Organisational Performance Does HRM lead to improved organisational performance? Master’s. hesis in Organisation, Leadership and Work Department of Sociology and Human Geography Faculty of Social Sciences ,UNIVERSITY OF OSLO.
Chen, L.H, liaw. S.Y, lee, T.Z. (2008). Using HRM pattern approach to examine the productivity of manufacturing firms: an empirical study، international journal of manpower, 24(3).229-320.
Rezaee, Z. (2017). Corporate Sustainability: Theoretical and Integrated Strategic Imperative and Pragmatic Approach. Journal of Business Inquiry: Research, Education & Application, 16(1). [ Persian]
Coulmont, M., Berthelot, S. & Gagné, V. 2022. Sustainability performance indicator trends: a Canadian industry-based analysis International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility . 7, 2.
Dari, B,. (2003). The role of human resources development in the creation of world-class organizations: a strategic necessity in the country's development perspective, management and development process, Volume 16, . 4 (58), 13-22.[ Persian]
Danaeifard, H & Emami, S M (2008). Qualitative Research Strategies: A Reflection on Foundation Data Theorizing, Management Thought, First Year,. 2,. 69-97.[ Persian]
Dehghanan, H. Rahmati, K. (1995). Factors affecting the success of electronic human resources management Scientific-Research Quarterly Journal of Management Studies (Improvement and Transformation). 25( 82), 123 – 145. [ Persian]
Dhigolari, F. (2018). Examining the role of the university in creating human capital and presenting a suitable model for the improvement of the country's higher education system. M.A thesis, Islamic Azad University: Research Sciences Department, Tehran.
Doleh F, Saifullah S, Zanjani H. "Study of the grounds and obstacles to the formation of good governance in contemporary Iran". (In Persian). Journal of Social Sciences. 2019; 13(2): 154-173. [ Persian]
Ehsani, M, & Qara Khanlou, H (2008) Study of human resources situation in professional sports in the country, Quarterly Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences 1(3), 15-22. [ Persian]
Elahi, A (2007). Obstacles and solutions to the economic development of Iran's football industry . PhD Thesis, University of Tehran.
Firer, S. & Williams, S. M. (2003). Intellectual Capital and Traditional Measures of Corporate Performance, Journal of Intellectual capital, 4(3): 348-360.
Ganotakis, P. (2012). Founder's human capital and the performance of UK new technology based firms. Small Business Economics, 39(2), 465-515.
Gheysari, Iman & Khalili Nasr, A. (2019). The effect of strategic human resource management on the performance of platform companies, Enterprise Resource Management Research. 9(2). pp: 102-117. [ Persian]
Green, B. C. (2005). Building Sport Program to Optimal Athlete Recruitment, Retentionand Transition: Toward a Normative Theory of Sport Development, Journal of Sport Management, 19.
Grant, R. (1996). Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm," Strategic Management Journal.3(18). 109- 122.
Anneliese (1996), Human resources management as a fundamental aspect of a sport development strategy in South African communities, Journal of sport management, 10, 207-217
Where do we stand on the 17 Sustainable Development Goals? An overview on progress
Halkos, G. Gkampoura, H. (2021). Economic Analysis and Policy. 70. PP: 94-122
Hitt, Michael, Bierman, Leonard, Shimizu, Katsuhiko & Kochhar, Rahul (2004). Direct and Moderating Effects of Human Capital on Strategy and Performance in Professional Service Firms: A resource-based Perspective. The Academy of Management Journal. 44, 13-28.
Jha, M.K., Rangarajan, K.(2020). Analysis of corporate sustainability performance and corporate financial performance causal linkage in the Indian context. Asian Journal of Sustainability and Social Responsibility. 5, 10 .
Jahanian, R. (2018). Study of Human Resource Development Standards at Marine educational organizations. Teaching in Marine Science, 5(3), 103-117. [ Persian]
Jalayee, S. Bakhshandeh, H. Esmaili, M. Rasooli. M. (2017). The Role of Human Resources in the Economic Growth of Irans Sports Industry. Sports management studies. 10(48). 67-88.
Khabiri, M. (2002). Comparison of the status of the professional football league clubs of the Islamic Republic of Iran according to the standards of UEFA and the selected clubs of Japan, South Korea, the United Arab Emirates and Turkey. Research in sport science, 3(8), 15-34. [ Persian]
Lindsey, I. (2008). Conceptualizing sustainability in sports development. Leisure Studies. 27(3): 279-294.
Marimuthu, M., Arokiasamy, L., & Ismail, M. (2009). Human Capital Development and its Impact on Firm Performance: Evidence from Developmental Economics. J. of International Social Research, 2(8).
Martinez, D. Marchi, V. EleonoraDi, M. 2021. The sustainability performances of sustainable business models. Journal of Cleaner Production. 323(10), 129145.
Muzenda A. (2014). Estimating the Impact of Governance Quality on Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Public Policy and Administration Research. 4 (10): 2225-0972.
Mondalizadeh, Z. Ehsani, Hashem Kozechian, H. Honari, H. (2021) Sport Sustainable Development; Concepts, Barriers, and Proposals, Sport Development and Management. 25. 47-61. [ Persian]
Moradi, J; Nazari, R. (2019) Analysis of effective economic and financial barriers on development and sustainable performance of Iranian football industry based on Grounded Theory, Sport Development and Management. 3(19),154-166. [ Persian]
Moradi Chaleshtari, J. Nazari, R. (2019). The Analysis of Barriers Influencing Sustainable Performance of Iran Football Industry, New Trends in Sport Management, , 7(26), PP: 37-54, [Persian].
Moradi Chaleshtari, J. noroozian, S. jamali, M. (2016). Investigating the structural barriers affecting the attraction of foreign investments in Iran's football industry. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior. 12(23). PP: 191-204. [ Persian]
Nazari, R., & Panahian A. (1394). Structural Equation Modeling of Empowering and Effectiveness of Human Capital due to Delegating Employees in Sport Organizations. Journal of Human Resource Management in Sport, 3(1), 35-44. [ Persian]
Naderi, M. Ehsani, M. Khabeiri, M. Amiri, M. Qarakhani, M. (2011). Investigating the current situation of football in the Islamic Republic of Iran and determining the situation. Sport Management. 9(3).PP: 5-27. [ Persian]
Putra, M. A., Teh, K. C., Tan, J., & Choong, T. S. Y. (2020). Sustainability assessment of Indonesian cement manufacturing via integrated life cycle assessment and analytical hierarchy process method. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 29352- 29360.
Ramazaninezhad, R & Hojabri, K. (2017), The basics of sports development and its application in Iranian sports, Strategy and Parliament, 91. PP:231-245.
Rahimi, F. HajiKarimi, A. (2012), The role of human resource investment in competitive advantage (Case of: pharmaceutical industry). Transformation management research paper,3(6), 138-157. [ Persian]
Rogers, E. W. & Wright, P. M. (2018). “Measuring organizational performance in strategic human resource management: Problems and prospects , CAHRS Working Paper.
Rothenberg, S., Hull, C. E., Tang, Z. (2017). "The impact of human resource management on corporate social performance strengths and concerns". Business & Society, 56(3), 391-418.
Snape, E., and Redman, T. (2010). HRM Practices, Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, and Performance: A Multi- Level Analysis. Journal of Management Studies, 45, 1219-1247.
Sohrabi B, Raeesi Vanani I, Abedin E. (2018). Evaluation of Information Systems Development and Implementation Trends in the Field of Human Resources Management Using Text Mining Techniques, Organizational Culture Management. 15(46): 977-999. [ Persian]
Stewart, G. L & Brown, K. G. (2009). "Human resource management, linking strategy to practice . John Wiley, New York, p: 591.
Tarighi, R. Ahmadi, H. Salehi , M. (2022). Identifying the Factors Affecting the Brand Associations of Iranian Futsal Premier League Clubs. Journal of Strategic Sociological Studies in Sport. 2(1). 88-102.
Tayles, M., Bramley, A., Adshead, N., & Farr, J. (2002). Dealing with the Management of Intellectual Capital: The Potential Role of Strategic Management Accounting. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 15(2), 251-267.
Yazdani, H. (2016). Investigating mutual relationships between the components of intellectual capital (human capital, structural capital, customer capital) and the effects of these capitals on the organizational performance of Bank Mellat branches in Tehran province. M.A, thesis, University of Tehran. [ Persian]
Zhongqingyang Z. Huiming Z. Zhongbao Z. Kai Z. (2022). How does innovation matter for sustainable performance? Evidence from small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Business Research, PP: 251-265.
