Background:Identification of skeletal remains is crucial in forensic medicine, and one of the important subjects for identifying skeletal remains is sex estimation. the present study aimed to investigate some of the anthropological features of the mandible used for forensic sex estimation with the use of CBCT images.Materials & Methods:In this descriptive-analytical study, CBCTs of eighty patients were studied. The studied variables were the mediolateral, and anteroposterior dimensions of the condyle, the ante gonial angle, the longitudinal axis of the condylar angle, and the vertical height of the coronoid process. The above parameters were measured using OnDemand software, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Independent and Paired T-tests, Discriminant and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used for statistical analysis. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.Results:The condyle mediolateral average dimension for males was significantly higher than for females (p<0.001). Three discriminant analysis models, the first based on the measurements on the right, the second based on the measurements on the left and the third based on mean measurements on both sides, were developed for sex estimation. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used for quality assessment of the fitted models and determination of their prediction ability. The ability of all three discriminant models to do sex estimation was obtained by at least 70%. Also, using the ROC curve, the third model was more efficient in sex estimation (area=0.869, p<0.001).Conclusion:The mediolateral dimension of the mandibular condyle process is a useful parameter in sex estimation. Classification accuracy is more than 80% in all models. Different methods should be used together to make more accurate results of sex estimation and one method alone is not sufficiently advised. Manuscript profile

Background:Accurate identification of anatomical landmarks in the posterior mandibular region before implant surgery is mandatory in order to avoid complications. The purpose of this study was to determine of the height, depth and angle of the submandibular gland fossa and its relationship with the mandibular canal using CBCT.Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, 130 CBCT images of 60 men and 70 women (with age range of 70-40 years)were investigated. The height and the deepest points of the submandibular gland fossa and the starting point of concavity between the alveolar crest and the upper wall of the alveolar canal were measured.The status of the deepest fossa point compared to the inferior alveolar canal was classified into three groups.Data were analyzed using independent t, Fisher’s exact and chi-square tests.Results:The mean height and depth of the submandibular fossa in men were significantly higher than women. The mean depth of submandibular foss less than 2mm was seen in women more frequently than men and the cavity depth of 2-3 mm was seen in men more frequently than women. However,there was no significant difference between men and women in terms of the mean angle of the submandibular concavity and there was a direct and significant relationship between the depth and angle of the submandibular concavity.That is, as the depth of the submandibular fossa increased, the height and angle increased.There was no significant relationship between the position of the mandibular canal with the deepest point of the submandibular gland fossa and gender and between the starting point of the undercut on CBCT cross-sections and gender. Conclusion:It is important to evaluate the anatomy of the concavity and thickness of the alveolar bone in the submandibular fossa using CBCT during implant treatment, especially in men due to the greater depth of the concavity. Manuscript profile