Introduction: The aim of present study was to evaluate the changes of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and cortisol levels following the Wingate anaerobic test among female athletes and non-athletes. Material & Methods: Twenty four female consist of twelve female athletes (mean age: 45 years of old) and twelve sedentary female (mean age: 44 years of old) voluntary to participate in this study as the subject. All the subjects performed the 30-second Wingate test as the anaerobic exercise. Blood samples collected at rest, end of the Wingate test, and 24 h after intervention for IGF-1 and cortisol determination. Repeated measure ANOVA test was used to evaluate hormonal responses to the anaerobic test. Results: The results indicated that cortisol levels decreases after the Wingate test in the female athletes compare to the non-athletes (p <0.05). Our results revealed that cortisol levels were lower in the female athletes than the non-athletes (p <0.05). For IGF-1 no significant changes were observed in the female athletes or non-athletes in response to Wingate test. Conclusion: Our results suggested that regular exercise caused hormonal adaptation among female athletes in response to acute anaerobic training. Manuscript profile

Introduction: The normal amount of the hormones ghrelin and insulin play an important role in energy balance, regulation of weight, and prevention of type 2diabetes.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic activity on hormones ghrelin and insulin and weight in men. Materials & Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 80 young men with an average age of 24.25±1.73 years, weight 74.23 were divided into four groups, Exercise – supplementation (ES), exercise (E), supplementation (S) and control groups (C). The subjects of the ES and E groups participated in an aerobic exercise program with an intensity of 65-75% of maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2 max) for 3 sessions per week and for 8 weeks. Subjects in the ES and S group was given 21 omega-3 capsules (one gram each capsule) each week to take 3 times a day after each main meal for 8 weeks. At baseline and at the end of 8 weeks, the levels of the hormones ghrelin and insulin were measured by blood samples by ELISA method and also weight was measure. Results: The results of the analysis of variance test showed that after 8 weeks, the total amount of ghrelin and insulin respectively, in the ES groups (p = 0.001, p = 0.001), E (p = 0.001, p = 0.001) and S (p = 0.045, p = 0.016) increased and decreased significantly. There was no change in the levels of ghrelin and insulin in the control group (p = 0.621). Also weight in the ES group (p =0.005), E (p = 032) and S (p = 0.034) decreased significantly. No change was observed in C group. Conclusion: Based on the results, it was found that physical exercise alone and physical exercise along with omega-3 supplementation cause significant changes in the levels of ghrelin and insulin hormones and weight in young men. These changes may help control and prevent diabetes and its complications. Manuscript profile

Introduction: Ghrelin and leptin hormones are engaged in energy regulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of physical exercise alone or combined with an omega-3 supplement on leptin and ghrelin secretion in healthy young women.Material & Methods: In this experimental study, sixty non-athlete women (23.38±2.45) were randomly divided into control, exercise, supplement, and exercise-supplement groups. The exercise program consisted of 90-minutes basketball training (with 50-55% maximum heart rate (HRmax) increased gradually to 65-75% HRmax in two last weeks) for 12 weeks (3 days/week). The supplement was a daily intake of an omega 3 soft gel containing 1000 mg Omega 3. A blood sample obtained before and after the interventions assess serum levels of Ghrelin and Leptin hormones by ELISA. The one-way ANOVA and dependent T-test were used to analyze the data. P≤0.05 is considered statically significant.Results: The serum level of leptin and ghrelin hormones significantly reduced and increased, respectively, in post- compared to the pre-experimental period in supplement, exercise, and exercise + supplement groups (p<0.05). Leptin hormone was reduced while ghrelin hormone increased significantly in supplement, exercise, and exercise + supplement groups (p<0.05) compared to the control group in the post-experimental period. There was also a remarkable difference between the supplement group and the exercise +supplement group (p=0.05).Conclusion: Our results suggested that physical activity or omega 3 consumption alone leads to an increase in serum ghrelin hormone and a decrease in serum leptin hormone in young non-athlete women. It seems that a combination of both has synergic effects. Manuscript profile

Introduction: This study compared the effects of 8 – week of concurrent exercises (aerobic and resistance training) with and without Branch Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) supplement on testosterone level and lipid profiles of male body builders. Material & Methods: Forty male body builders that had 3-4 years training background were randomly selected and divided into two equal groups as control group who only did concurrent exercises (aerobic –resistance) and experimental group who perform concurrent exercise and taking BCAA supplement after training and before going to bed. The average age and body mass index of control group and experimental group were 24.8±5.1and 27.3 ± 2.15, 25 ± 2.1 and 27.4 ± 2.13 respectively. To show the central tendency and variability, descriptive statistics was applied. Independent t-test analyses were carried out to discover the difference of the two groups. Statistical significance was set at (P<0.05). All data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 18. Results: The results show significant decrease of Triglyceride (TG) (P= 0.001), low density lipoprotein (LDL-c) (P=0.034), total cholesterol (TC) (P=0.003) and increase high density lipoprotein (HDL-c) (P=0.001) in control group and decrease of TG (P=0.001) LDL (P=0.037), TC (P=0.025) and increases of HDL-c (P=0.002) in experimental group. Furthermore, the testosterone level of subjects didn’t change significantly in control and experimental groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, concurrent training may be more effective than endurance and strength training alone for simultaneously improving the serum lipid profile. Manuscript profile

مقدمه: ورزشکاران برای افزایش حداکثر عملکرد خود از مکمل ها استفاده می کنند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر مکمل زینک منیزیم آسپارتات (ZMA) بر ترکیب بدن و قدرت ورزشکاران دونده سرعتی انجام شد.مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه تجربی، 16 ورزشکار دونده سرعتی (21-28 سال) به طور تصادفی به دو گروه کنترل و مکمل تقسیم شدند. گروه کنترل به مدت 8 هفته دکستروز و گروه مکمل ، مکمل ZMA را مصرف کردند. آزمودنی ها از نظر شاخص های ترکیب بدن و یک تکرار بیشینه اندام فوقانی (حرکات پرس سینه خوابیده و جلوبازو ایستاده با هالتر) و تحتانی (حرکات پشت ران، باز کردن پا، پرس پا) قبل و انتهای پروتکل پژوهش (پایان هفته هشتم) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های تی وابسته و مستقل مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.یافته ها: تفاوت معنی داری بین قبل و بعد از پروتکل پژوهش در گروه کنترل و مکمل از نظر وزن بدن (Kg)، شاخص توده بدن (2m / K)، درصد چربی بدن، چربی بدن (kg)، توده بدون چربی (Kg) وجود نداشت (05/0˃P). یک تکرار بیشینه در اندام فوقانی و تحتانی پس از 8 هفته مصرف مکمل نسبت به قبل از مداخله به طور قابل توجهی افزایش یافت (05/0˃P). همچنین یک تکرار بیشینه اندام فوقانی و تحتانی بعد از هشت هفته در گروه مکمل نسبت به کنترل افزایش معنی داری داشت (05/0˃P). بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به یافته های پژوهش، مصرف مکمل ZMA تغییر قابل توجهی در ترکیب بدن ورزشکاران سرعتی ایجاد نمی کند، اما احتمالاً می تواند منجر به افزایش یک تکرار بیشینه در اندام فوقانی و تحتانی دوندگان سرعت شود. Manuscript profile