The space under the Velayat Bridge is one of the most important lost urban spaces in Tehran, due to its adjacency to important areas of activity and residence. In recent years, the area under the Velayat Bridge has been repeatedly prepared for executive operations, but so far, no action has been taken. Currently, illegal acts are very common in this area and at nights security indicators are decreased significantly. This study based on qualitative approach and survey research methodology, tries to identify and evaluate physical, psychological, environmental and mental factors which affecting the process of reviving the lost urban space under the Velayat Bridge. Basis for identifying effective factors is the theory of the right to the city. Data gathering was done through library studies as well as survey methods such as observation, interview and distribution of questionnaires. In this study, four hypotheses have been proposed and tested. Finding results show that all variables including physical-structural, activity-social, environmental and semantic perceptual indicators are significant, as their error level is lower than 0.05. Physical-structural index variable with beta coefficients of 0.851 has the highest effect on the design variable of the space under Velayat Bridge. According to the answers of the respondents, it seems that the construction of a commercial complex and also the transformation of open space into the space of human presence, taking into account the age, gender and different needs of people, can be the most effective action to revive this space. Manuscript profile

The transition from a car-driven city to a human city based on a pedestrian lifestyle is one of the most important urban planning challenges today, especially in countries where their citizens tend to use cars due to cheaper fuel prices. Therefore, locating and feasibility study of creating pedestrian axes is one of the most important strategies and actions in modern urban planning. Since Tehran has heavy traffic and is one of the most polluted metropolises in the world, this issue becomes more important and necessary. This study aims to examine the arrangement of physical components of space in the reproduction of urban pedestrian axes based on social topography. This analysis was performed on the Farahzad to the Imamzadeh Ainali-Zeinali axis in Tehran. During this analysis, through a quantitative approach and based on deductive reasoning, the data was gathered using survey techniques and the correlation coefficient of the variables has been analyzed. In this respect, the cultural Farahzad to Imamzadeh Ainali-Zeinali axis as a field study platform was surveyed. The research area was examined based on the parameters of social topography: social and economic, accessibility and traffic and physical-spatial status. The statistical population in this research comprises 350 users and citizens of Tehran, which cross the Farahzad pedestrian axis to Imamzadeh Ainali-Zeinali in a day. A simple random method was employed to pick a sample from the studied population in this research. Utilizing the Cochran sampling formula, the sample size was 183, which grew to 200 for higher precision. Fifty-five variables of social topography development in space were identified and summed into nine factors based on internal correlations. That is, in this case, the promotion of social topography is chiefly the outcome of the performance of these determinants, justifying 90.23% of the social topography development in space. On this axis, the juxtaposition of facilities for entertainment, for religious activities and social presence, can play the most significant role in improving the quality of the environment for all residents. Manuscript profile