Introduction: There is well documented evidence that obesity are serious worldwide public health problems which result an increased risk of developing diseases such as, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus and regular exercises can be effective in preventing and treating such diseases. Chemerin, is a recently identified adipose tissue secreted hormone that has been shown to be elevated in obese individuals and associated with some components of the metabolic syndrome, including: the waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), fat percent, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein. Thus, the aim of current study was to analyze the effect of rhythmic aerobic exercise training on serum chemerin and body composition components in overweight women. Material & methods: Twenty-four overweight women (BMI between 25 to 30 kg/m2) voluntarily participated in the study (12 subjects in each groups). Training groups participated in a rhythmic exercise training program for eight weeks, three times a week with 50-70 heart rpm for 60-90 minutes. The chemerin levels and body composition components were measured in the both groups pre and post training duration. Results: The serum chemerin levels were significantly decreased from 218.7 ± 7.6 to 190.3 ± 9.2 ng/mL (P<0.01) after training program. Weight and BMI, also, in exercise group was significantly decreased in compare with control after 8 weeks of exercise. Conclusions: Rhythmically exercise training were found to improve the serum chemerin levels and some components of body composition; thus, it could be effective in preventing obesity-related diseases and enhancing body composition of middle aged overweight women. Manuscript profile

Introduction:Ghrelin is a gut-derived peptide that stimulates appetite and playing a key role in short-term energy homeostasis. There is a strong correlation between increases in circulating ghrelin with weight loss and changes in ghrelin are related to changes in energy availability, include food intake and exercise expenditure. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of continuous and discontinuous training on ghrelin concentration of non-athlete, middle-age woman. Material & methods:Forty five middle-aged, non-athlete women voluntarily participated in this study. Subjects were divided randomly to three groups including: continuous, discontinuous and control group (each group 15). One day before the beginning of training program, the blood sample were taken in fasting state .The two training groups participated in sport activities for eight weeks, three times a week with 50-70 heart rate/min for duration 60-90 minutes .The training program of continuous group were performed in one session and the program of discontinuous group were performed in two sessions with same time and intensity. 24 hours following the end of the 8th week, all the measurements were performed similar to the pretest phase. The data was analyzed using one way analysis of variance. Results:The fasting ghrelin concentration significantly increased in both exercise groups in compare with control group (P<0.001). Weight, also, in discontinuous group was significantly decreased in compare with control following 8 weeks of exercise training (P<0.05). Conclusions:Regular exercise training was found to improve the serum ghrelin concentration and some components of body composition in non-athlete, middle-age women; thus, it seems that this type of training can be efficient, safe and inexpensive way in order to health care of middle aged women. Manuscript profile

هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی تاثیر سه ماه تمرین مقاومتی حین دیالیز بر پروفایل چربی و عملکرد جسمانی بیماران دیالیزی بود. در این تحقیق که از نوع نیمه تجربی بود، 34 نفر بیمار دیالیزی به صورت هدفمند به طور داوطلبانه در تحقیق شرکت کردند. آزمودنی ها به طور تصادفی به دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل تقسیم شدند.24 ساعت قبل و 48 ساعت بعد از برنامه تمرینی خون گیری در حالت ناشتا انجام شد و سنجش عملکرد جسمانی نیز با تست 6 دقیقه پیاده روی اندازه گیری شد . آزمودنی های گروه آزمایش به مدت سه ماه، هفته ای سه جلسه و هر جلسه 60 تا 70 دقیقه در تمرینات مقاومتی شرکت کردند که این تمرینات در حین دیالیز روی تخت انجام می شد. برنامه تمرینی شامل10 ایستگاه، 3 نوبت، هر نوبت 10 تکرار با 45 درصد یک تکرار بیشینه بود. از نرم افزار SPSS و آزمون t مستقل و وابسته به منظور تحلیل یافته ها استفاده شد. نتایج آزمون تی وابسته نشان داد که بین پیش آزمون و پس آزمون گروه تمرین در مقادیر LDL (034/0= p)، HDL (021/0= p)، کلسترول (02/0= p) و عملکرد جسمانی(042/0= p) تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد. نتایج تی مستقل نشان داد که تمرین مقاومتی باعث کاهش معنی دار کلسترول (03/0=p) و افزایش معنی دار HDL (004/0= p) و عملکرد جسمانی (05/0= p) در مقایسه با گروه کنترل می شود. اما بر میزان TG (81/0= p) و LDL (1/0=p) تاثیری ندارد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که سه ماه تمرین مقاومتی موجب کاهش برخی عوامل خطرزای قلبی عروقی و افزایش عملکرد جسمانی در بیماران همودیالیزی می‌شود. Manuscript profile

assured diagnosis of heart problems. However, the amount of this factor in response to exercise and in different times of the day is not determined. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of training time (morning and evening) on ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) plasma levels in male patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods: 15 male patients with cardiovascular disease were chosen to participate in this quasi-experimental study. Before the outset of exercise protocol under specialist supervision, pre-test blood samples were taken from subjects at 7:00 in the morning. After taking blood samples, all participants took part in an exercise test until exhaustion. This test was designed based on Bruce protocol including 7 stages and each of these 3 minute stages followed predetermined speed and grade. One week later, subjects went through the same process at 7:00 in the evening. Paired sample t- test was used to analyze and compare pre-test and post-test means of each training period (morning and evening) and compare the mean of both times in the morning and in the evening. SPSS.20 was used to analyze study data. Results: there is no significant difference between pre-test means during morning and evening exercises (P=0.292). In addition to this, no significant relation was observed between post-test mean and three-hour-after test in the morning and evening, (P=0.185) and (P=0.250), respectively. Conclusion: Based on this study it could be said that circadian rhythm and circadian cycle have no severe effect on chemical responds and cardiac risk factors. Thus, cardiovascular patients can engage in their desired exercise during morning and evening. Manuscript profile