One of the most important new social injuries in the bureaucratic administrative is the official corruption. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the economic, social, demographic characteristics and perception of corruption. In this study, a questionnaire survey was used. The random sampling was used too. The results showed that: 1.a significant relationship between the respondents&#39 age and their perceptions of corruption 2) a direct relationship between the education level of respondents and perception of corruption 3.meaningful relationship between the marital status of the respondents and their perceptions of corruption.4.direct relation between age and socio-economic status of the respondents and their perception of corruption.  Manuscript profile

The purpose of the research is to study the cultural and social effects of cross border markets on the lives of indigenous people (Case study: youth of 25-40 years old in border cities of Kermanshah province) using central location theory, Neokinsey theory, growth pole theory, Jones and Wilde view as a theoretical framework. The present study is an applied research according to the existing goals. The research is based on the qualitative-quantitative paradigm and the technique used to collect information and survey data. The statistical population of the study includes young people living in border markets of Kermanshah province. The sample size was estimated 744 people based on Cochran's formula. The research tool in the first stage is an open-ended questionnaire (in the form of an interview) and in the quantitative stage is a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 86 questions. Formal validity method was used to evaluate the validity of the research instrument and Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the reliability. The sampling method is multi-stage cluster. Factor analysis results show that the effect of cross-border markets on 4 variables; Social capital, quality of life, lifestyle and cultural change. Also, the results of regression test show that the effect of border market on cultural changes of youth in border cities of Kermanshah province has the highest regression coefficient (0.493) and lifestyle variable with regression coefficient (0.277) has the lowest regression coefficient. According to the research findings, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between border markets in the west of the country and cultural and social variables. But the extent of the social effects of markets is greater than the extent of its cultural effects. Therefore, in addition to the positive social effects in terms of job creation, improving health status and urban services, border markets have also affected the lifestyle, social capital and cultural changes of the youth of border cities in the cultural dimension. Manuscript profile

This paper tries to analyze the relationship between social capital(separating this capital to there areas, within group, out group and communicational) to the feeling of security. Through mixed cluster and classified sampling 22 restricts of Tehran and more than 2000 people were chosen totally. The results show that there is a significant relationship between the place of living, marriage, occupation, and age with the feeling of security. No direct effect was found in within group of social capital, but the effect of the within group social capital on security is negative(-36%). Out group social capital has a positive effect(+27%) on the security. Commercial social capital has no direct effect on security but it has negative direct effect on security but it has negative direct effect(-%8) on security. Manuscript profile