Alumina nanofibers were produced using a combined method of sol-gel and electros pinning method. In this method, the sol was prepared by mixing of tri-isoproxide aluminum in aqueous solution onitric acid. Spinning aid such as: ethylene glycol-acid lactic and poly vinyl alcohol was added to the solution .The sol was then heated at 80 °C to obtain gel. Then, the resulting gel was converted into aluminum oxide nanofibers by electrospinning method. The nanofibers were dried at 60 °C for 24 h and finally sintered for 2 h at 1200 ° C. The results of XRD and FTIR showed that in all samples the dominant phase was the corundum phase. Finally, to decrease the sintering temperature, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (MgN2O6 * 6H2O) and sodium ethoxylate (SiC8 H2o O4) were added to the sol containing 10% Polyvinyl alcohol. The results of XRD and FTIR indicated the presence of corundum phase when the sintering temperature of 1000°C was used. Accordingly, the energy consumption was reduced as the sintering temperature decreased about 200°C by adding the additives,. The results of SEM and TEM showed formation of non-agglomerated nano fibers with 41nm diameters at 1000°C when 10% polyvinyl alcohol and 2% sodium ethoxylate (SiC8 H20 O4) was added to the sol. Manuscript profile

Nano HA rod has been synthesized by precipitation method using Ca (NO3)24H2O and (NH4)2HPO4 as starting materials and ammonia solution as an agent for pH adjustment. The Ca/P molar ratio was maintained at 1.67. Then, the effect of different pH (4, 6, 8, 10 ,11), different surfactants and different times for dialyses on nano HA rod were studied. The samples were characterized by different techniques such as, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and Transmission electron microscopies. The XRD analysis showed that the prepared HA nano rod was to be fully crystalline. The results showed that, the best pH for nano HA rod was 11and Span 20 as the surfactant had the better effect on dispersion and shape of nano rod. The HA nano-rods had an average diameter of 10 nm and length 70-80 nm after 12 hours of dialyses time.Selection and control of the precise dialyses time together with surface active agents proved to be important in controlling the rod size, degree of aggregation and the rod shape. Manuscript profile

The HA- Al2O3 nano composite was produced by precipitation method. In the first study,the effect of MgCl2.6H2O and NaF additives on HA-Al2O3 nano-composite powder were studied and the second, chitosan / HA- Al2O3 scaffold was prepared by freeze casting method. The phase and microstructure and morphology analysis of nano composite and scaffold were performed by XRD, FT-IR, FESEM and TEM. X-ray diffraction test results along with infrared spectroscopy indicated that, the HA- Al2O3 nano composite without impurities were produced. TEM result showed that, the produced nano cmposite particle sizes were reported between 30-50 nm.Moreover, the porosity percentages of scaffold without additive was about 56% and with NaF as an additive was about 63 %, however, the scaffold with MgCl2.6H2O additive with 70% porosity had the highest porosity percentage. The compressive strength of the SFA scaffold exhibited a two-fold strength compared to the SMA scaffold, which indicated the improved mechanical compatibility of the SFA scaffold. Manuscript profile

This research has been done to study characteristic and biocompatible evaluation of a nano bio composite ceramic with the bioglass as a first phase. In this regard synthesis of this bioglass of 453P4 has been considered as the first phase and flour apatite considered as the second phase. Afterwards, nano composite with the base of bioglass 453P4 has been synthesized by sol-gel method. The synthesized nanoparticles and nanocomposite have been characterized with the help of different techniques, using field emission scanning electron microscope, x-ray powder diffraction, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence to evaluate crystal structure, microstructure, and morphology. The results of this section indicated a synthesis of bioglass453P4-fluor apatite nano composite with particle size about of 20-30 nm in crystals for all samples and 70-90% crystallinity . Result of FTIR analyses showed that the purity in the structure of this nano composite .The result of MTT assay indicated nontoxicity and decreased cell viability in 7 days compared with the first day. Manuscript profile

Nanoscale bioactive glasses have been gaining attention due to their superior osteoconductivity. The combination of bioactive glass nanoparticles with polymeric systems enables the production of nanocomposites with potential to be used in a series of orthopedic applications, including tissue engineering and regenerative.This research has been done to study characteristic and biocompatible evaluation of a nano bio composite ceramic. In this regard synthesis of this S646 bioactive glass has been considered afterwards, the bioglass S646/chitosan/carbon nanotube with different amount of S646 bioactive glass has been synthesized by sol-gel method. The synthesized nanoparticles and nanocomposite have been characterized with the help of different techniques, using field emission scanning electron microscope, x-ray powder diffraction, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to evaluate crystal structure, microstructure and morphology. The results indicated that, the synthesized bioglass S646/chitosan/carbon nantube nanocomposite with the average particle size of about 41-49 nm and percentages of crystallinity about 64-86% for all samples. Result of FTIR analyses showed that, the purity in the structure of bioglass of S646 and nano composites.The outcomes revealed that, with increase of the amount of S646 bioactive glass changed the shape of the particles from spherical and reduced the particle size, which owing to the increase of amorphous phase in the material which reduced the crystallinity and crystal size of nanocomposite particles. The result of MTT assay indicated nontoxicity and also increasing the percentage of bioactive glass also increased cell viability. Manuscript profile

Nano HA rod was synthesized by precipitation method using Ca(NO3)24H2O and (NH4)2HPO4 as starting materials and ammonia solution as an agent for pH adjustment. The Ca/P molar ratio was maintained at 1.67. Then, the effect of different pH (4, 6, 8, 10, 11), different surfactants and different times for dialyses on nano HA rod were studied in this study. The samples were characterized by different techniques such as, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and Transmission electron microscopies. The XRD analysis showed that the prepared HA nano rod is fully crystalline. The results showed that the best pH for nano HA rod was 11 and Span 20 as the surfactant had the better effect on dispersion and shape of nano rod. The HA nano-rods had an average diameter of 10 nm and length of 70-80 nm after 12 h of dialyses time. Manuscript profile

The HA- Al2O3 nanocomposite was produced by the precipitation method. In thefirst study, the effect of MgCl2.6H2O and NaF additives on HA-Al2O3 nano-composite powderwere studied and the second, chitosan / HA- Al2O3 scaffold was prepared byfreeze casting method. The phase and microstructure and morphology analysisof nanocomposite and scaffold were performed by XRD, FT-IR, FESEM, and TEM.X-ray diffraction test results along with infrared spectroscopy indicated that, theHA- Al2O3 nanocomposite without impurities was produced. TEM results showedthat the produced nano composite particle sizes were reported between 30-50nm.Moreover, the porosity percentages of scaffold without additive was about56% and with NaF as an additive was about 63 %, however, the scaffold withMgCl2.6H2O additive with 70% porosity had the highest porosity percentage. Thecompressive strength of the SFA scaffold exhibited a two-fold strength comparedto the SMA scaffold, which indicated the improved mechanical compatibility ofthe SFA scaffold. Manuscript profile