Introduction: Dust has become one of the serious problems of people, and (more) especially in the cities of western and southwestern Iran. Despite the importance of the issue of dust, little has been done on this phenomenon, and there are many questions about many aspects of this phenomenon. This study sought to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise in dust -filled air and compare it with clean air on non-athletic overweight male using pulmonary function indicators. Methods: Of the eligible candidates, 30 persons were selected in a targeted and accessible manner. The subjects were given two separate days in the clean and dusty air at the physiology lab of the Islamic Azad University of Sousangerd to perform a daily treadmill incremental aerobic exercise session. A spirometry test was used to determine the pulmonary function indicators before and after an incremental exercise test session in both days of clean air and high dust (with similar humidity and temperature). For statistical analysis of data Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and paired sample t test (p≤0.05) were used. Results: Paired sample t test for changes in both airs indicated that there was significant difference in changes of FEV1 (p=0.004) and MVV (p=0.004) after incremental aerobic exercise between clean and dusty airs, nevertheless there were no significant difference in changes of FVC (p=0.27), FEV1/FVC (p=0.50) and VC (p=0.16) after incremental aerobic exercise between clean and dusty airs. Conclusion: One session of incremental aerobic exercise in dusty air is associated with decreasing pulmonary function indicators and decreasing pulmonary function capacity. Manuscript profile

Introduction: Cortisol is reported to be a factor for the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis) in patients affected by panic disorders. On the other hand, HPA disorders can increase insulin resistance. The effect of intense aerobic exercise on the cortisol levels has also been reported on the patients with mental disorders. However, no study has yet investigated the effects of exercises in water on the cortisol and blood insulin levels in the patients affected by panic disorder. Hence, the purpose of this article was to review the effects of aqua training on cortisol and insulin levels of patients with panic disorder. Methods: Thirty six women affected by panic disorder with the average (age 38.6 ± 6.45 years and weight 70.64 ± 11.04 kg) were randomly divided in two groups of aqua training group (n=18) and the control group (n=18).The aqua training group participated in a 12-week program for water exercises (three sessions a week, each session lasting one hour, and with the intensity of 50- 85 % of maximum heart rate) and the control group continued their normal life. Pretest and posttest blood samples were taken for measuring the cortisol and blood insulin levels. Data were statistically analyzed by independent and paired sample t tests (p≤0.05). Results: The results showed that aqua training has significant effect on reduction of insulin of patients with panic disorder (p=0.001), nevertheless it has no significant effect on cortisol of patients with panic disorder (p=0.52). Conclusion: It appears that aqua training could improve the insulin levels of patients with panic disorder. Manuscript profile