Introduction: Cardiac Troponin T (cTnT) is currently considered as an ideal biomarker for the diagnosis of cardiac injury and Metallothionein has a protective effect against oxidative species damage. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic activity on Troponin T levels and Metallothionein of cardiac tissue in healthy male rats. Material & Methods: In this study, 20 Wistar male rats, aged 2 months with the weighted average of 180 ± 20 g, were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups: aerobic exercise (10) and control (10). The exercise group performed physical exercise 5 days a week according to the training program for 8 weeks. During this period, the control group did not exercise at all. After 8 weeks of training, independent t- test was used to analyze the data. Results: The results demonstrated there was no significant difference between the average Troponin T (P=0.77) in the exercise and control groups. No significant difference was also observed between Metallothionein in the training and control groups (P=0.15). Conclusions: It was revealed that the aerobic program used in the present study did not lead to increased cTnT which is indicative of cardiac injury. However, it increased Metallothionein levels (though insignificant) that can be helpful in preventing cardiac injury. Manuscript profile

Introduction:Pathway apelin/APJ is one of the positive powerful inotropic substances which is an important regulator of cardiovascular operation and a significant factor in cardiovascular tissue. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of eight weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) and continuous Training on apelin levels of cardiac tissue in healthy male rats. Material & Methods: In this research, 30 Wistar 2-month male rats were chosen with average weight 180 ± 20 gr and randomly divided into 3 groups: continuous training (n=10), HIIT (n=10) or control group (n=10). Continuous training and HIIT groups have been engaged in exercising according training program in five days a week for 8 weeks. For the comparison among the groups, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. Results: No significant differences were observed in apelin levels between continuous training, HIIT and control group (P=0.29). Conclusion: According the results of this study, both exercises increased the apelin levels in heart; however this increase was not significant. It seems that the response of this hormone is different in organs so that it has more limitation in heart tissue than other organs. Therefore, it has been assumed that making noticeable changes in apelin levels of heart required much more time. Manuscript profile

Introduction: Menopause is one of the most important events in a woman's life that affects their physical and mental aspects. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological and psychological effects of high intensity interval trainings (HIIT) in aged ovariectomized rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 12 aged ovariectomized rats were randomly divided into two groups of six including HIIT and control. HIIT group received training for eight weeks, three sessions per week, and 9 interval (each interval 1 minute) with intensity of 90- 95% VO2max and one minute running between each interval with intensity of 50% VO2max. 24 hours after the last training session, weights, visceral fat mass, anxiety-like behaviors and depression were measured. To statistical analysis of data Shapiro- Wilk test, paired sample t- test and independent sample t-test were used (p≤ 0.05). Results: Body weight (p = 0.002), visceral fat mass (p = 0.001) and duration of immobilization (p = 0.001) in HIIT training group were significantly lower than control group and percentage of elapsed time in the open arm (p = 0.003), the percentage of number of entrance to open arms (p = 0.03) and aerobic power (p = 0.001) in the HIIT group was significantly higher than the control group. Conclusion: It seems that HIIT have positive effects on the physiological and psychological factors of aged ovariectomized rats. Manuscript profile