Epilepsy is a major neurological disorder in the world and most epileptics are currently controlled by a variety of drugs. 5, 5-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (Phenytoin, I) is a widely used antiepileptic drug. It has been synthesized previously by different methods in some solvents. In this work, I was synthesized from the condensation of benzil and urea in ethanol and water by application of phase transfer catalyst and without it. Results indicated that higher yield was obtained when the catalyst used. Manuscript profile

In this study an improved process for the production of 5-Methyl-1,2,4-triazolo(3,4-b) benzothiazole fungicide (IV) is described. Firstly, (2-methylphenyl) thiourea (I), 2-amino- 4-methylbenzothiazole (II) and 2-hydrazino-4-methylbenzothiazole (III) as intermediates consequently were prepared. Then IV is synthesized by the reaction of III with formic acid in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyst. The purity of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by CHN analysis and the structures verified on the basis of IR, 1 H-NMR and mass spectral data. Manuscript profile

One of the most important goals in medicinal chemistry is the development of new heterocyclic compounds with pharmaceutical activity. Thus, a novel series of the derivatives of benzimidazole were synthesized and the structures of all the synthesized compounds have been confirmed by IR, 1 H- and 13C-NMR, Mass Spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The title compounds have been evaluated for antifungal activities against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida krusei. Some of these compounds have been found to exhibit moderate to good antifungal activity when compared with commercially available fungicides. Manuscript profile

Ibuprofen (I) is the most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been synthesized in recent years. NSAIDs are the first choice of drugs that are normally used for the treatment of pain and inflammation. There are many methods for synthesizing of I but each one has some difficulties as raw materials preparation, reaction conditions and etc. In an effort to establish modified method with improved and economical yield, I was synthesized by the mesylation of ethyl lactate in the presence of triethylamine or pyridine at 273 K to obtain the corresponding ethyl-2-(methylsulphonyloxy) propanoate (II). Then, Friedel-Crafts alkylation of II with isobutylbenzene for single step synthesis of ethyl-2-(4- isobutylphenyl) propanoate (III) was carried out by heating with AlCl3 under neat reaction conditions. Finally, ethyl-2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propanoate (I) formed in 50 % yield was hydrolyzed with KOH in methanol and acidified with HCl to afford the desired product. Manuscript profile