The present study aims at identifying and analyzing the major cultural components that influence the political development of Iranian society during the Second Pahlavi era and explaining and analyzing the fundamental issues of the weaknesses and gaps in the Iranian society and political system during this period. Had, done. In this research, using the historical and analytical research method and inspired by Weberian approach to the importance of culture as well as the revised Inglehart approach, the sociological explanation and analysis of the cultural components appropriate to the political development of Iranian society during the Second Pahlavi period have been attempted. The present study shows that the formation of political development and democracy is, above all, a cultural issue, and that Iranian society during the Second Pahlavi period, due to the authoritarian culture of society and the political system, specifically related to some of the essential cultural components. Examples: free access to independent media and cultural rights, the spirit of criticism and questioning in society, public participation in cultural and political affairs, and critical thinking about society have suffered severe pathological deficiencies that have deprived Iranian society of political development. Manuscript profile

the present research seeks to answer the fundamental question of how the belief in the plot of conspiracy as a cultural barrier to the achievement of the Iranian society of political development has worked. In this research, using the documentary, historical and analytical method, the sociological analysis of the influence of the belief in the plot of conspiracy in the failure of the Iranian society to achieve political development has been attempted. The findings of this research show that the formation of political development in society requires the acceptance of social responsibility by different social classes, especially the ruling elites, but in the second pillar, the belief in the plot of conspiracy, the common belief almost all Social and political forces and political elites and the opposition, and its major consequences were the social and political responsibility of the perpetrators and activists of society and the attribution of all social and political events of society to foreigners. Finally, the main consequence of such an approach and Belief was the failure of the Iranian society to achieve political development. Manuscript profile