بهداشت محصولات و فرآورده های غذایی یکی از شاخص های سلامت جوامع محسوب می شود. به همین دلیل، مصرف کنندگان می‌باید پیرامون شیوه های ایمن تهیه، ذخیره سازی و آماده سازی مواد غذایی اطلاعات کافی داشته باشند. هدف این مطالعه بررسی دانش و نگرش دانشجویان نسبت به ایمنی غذایی است. برای این منظور و با استفاده از روش تحقیق پیمایشی، 400 نفر از دانشجویان شاغل به تحصیل در دانشگاه‌های شهر گرگان در سال 1392 شامل دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرگان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گرگان و دانشگاه گلستان مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. ابزار جمع‌آوری اطلاعات پرسشنامه بود که روایی آن از طریق مراجعه به متخصصان و پایایی آن با ضریب کرانباخ آلفا مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که مهم ترین منبع اطلاعاتی دانشجویان درباره ایمنی غذایی شامل خانواده و برنامه‌های تلویزیون می باشد. همچنین، سطح دانش و نگرش نسبت به ایمنی غذایی در بین جمعیت مورد مطالعه به‌ترتیب در حد نسبتاً مناسب و خوب قابل ارزیابی می‌باشد. در این بین، دانشجویان دختر در مقایسه با پسران، دارای دانش و همچنین نگرش مساعدتری نسبت به ایمنی غذایی هستند. به‌علاوه، دانش ایمنی غذایی با مقطع تحصیلی پاسخگویان و سطح تحصیلات و شغل والدین آن‌ها دارای ارتباط معنی دار می باشد (05/0>p)، اما با سن، محل تولد و سکونت و همچنین نوع مسکن افراد ارتباط معنی داری نداشت. نگرش نسبت به ایمنی غذایی نیز فقط با محل تولد و مقطع تحصیلی در ارتباط می‌باشد. پیشنهاد مقاله حاضر در نظر گرفتن محتوای آموزشی مناسب درباره ایمنی غذایی در برنامه های تحصیلی دانشجویان و راه‌اندازی سیستم پایش بیماری های ناشی از غذا می باشد. Manuscript profile

FAO and World Bank promote livestock rearing as a way of poverty alleviation and food security especially among rural poor. Villagers are usually involved in mixed crop-livestock farming. Interviews with villagers in the HableRud basin revealed that some changes have happened and comparing with past decades, fewer villagers keep livestock. They believed that number of villagers who kept livestock in pen has also drastically increased. This study was conducted to understand if natural capital holdings have any impact on villagers' dependence on rangeland or not and also to identify the important natural capitals contributing to villagers' dependency on rangeland, some unstructured and structured interviews with local people were conducted. Comparisons between the two groups of villagers namely, dependent and independent on rangeland in terms of the identified indicators, the independent samples T-test and Mann Whitney U were applied for parametric and nonparametric data, respectively. Then in order to predict likelihood of dependency of a villager on rangeland based on holding of or access to independent variables, binary logistic regression was applied using SPSS. Descriptive data analysis showed that just 177 villagers out of 380 samples were dependent on rangeland and the rest did not rely on rangeland at all. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between the two groups of dependent and independent villagers on rangelands in terms of grazing right, size of farm and orchard holding, number of small livestock, total livestock and total natural capital. But the best indicators to predict a villager's dependence on rangeland was decided to be grazing right, number of small livestock and size of farm. The study revealed that independent variables predict the odds (61% - 82%) that a villager will decide to keep livestock dependent on rangeland. Manuscript profile

The aim of this study was to investigate the members’ opinions regarding the influencing factors contributing the success of range management cooperatives in three provinces as Markazi, Tehran and Isfahan of Iran in 2014. The study populations were board and ordinary members of cooperatives (N=750) and the samples were selected using Krejcie and Morgan method through stratified and random sampling (n=98). Data of questionnaires were collected using scaling method. Statistical tests of Chronbach's alpha coefficient indicated high validity and reliability of data. The results demonstrated that the unofficial range management cooperatives were more successful compared to the official ones, but in overall, both cooperatives were not successful in achieving the given goals in the system and satisfying the expectations of members. To study the effects of independent variables on the success of both cooperatives, path analysis and multivariate regression were used. The results showed that the factors of education, technical skills of managers, social participation, financial elements, performance of public departments and knowledge of members as the promotion factors had the most impact on the success of the official cooperatives. For unofficial cooperatives, education, financial fairness, comprehension skills of managers, experience and skills of members and performance of public departments had the highest effects on the success of these cooperatives. Manuscript profile

Insurance services and financial compensation are regarded for the consequences of events that may happen or not.Farmers and stakeholders can be benefited from the agricultural and natural resources insurance so that they can attain much more stability in resources management, especially through mitigating the effects of potential and imminent risks. The current research was aimed to determine the effective factors in the acceptance of livestock and rangeland insurance by stakeholders in Agh Ghala, Golestan Province, Iran in 2015. Data were collected based on the survey-descriptive research method. Statistical population was all the rangers having a range management plan. Among 93 subjects, sample size was determined as 76 people based on Cochran formula. The effective socio-economic variables among stakeholders were determined using logistic regression. Results of logistic regression suggest that such variables as livestock insurance against previous 20-year risk factors, risk taking and insurance expert knowledge had positively significant effects and family size had negatively significant effects on the acceptance of livestock and rangeland insurance (P≤0.05). Variable of "insurance expert knowledge" had the highest impact on adopting livestock and rangeland insurance among the factors entered into logistic regression model (P≤0.05). It was concluded that holding the extension workshop on risk transfer and dealing with different aspects of insurance provided by an educator who is fluent in native language will be effective. Manuscript profile