This research examines the livability of the existing neighborhoods of the central district of Rasht city and studies its features and characteristics and deals with the regular and systematic description of its current situation and explains the reasons for how and why the problem situation and its dimensions. the research method is based on the purpose of the practical and on the causal nature. Using extensive library and field studies,the general aim of the research is to identify and analyze the existing livability of the neighborhoods in the central part of Rasht city and to understand the causes, processes and areas affecting the livability and the improvement of spatial and physical structure.Based on the inhabitants questionnaire with analyzing by one-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's post hoc test, and Friedman's test by SPSS software, the mean value of the four dimensions, the livability of the neighborhoods in the central district of Rasht city is lower than the assumed mean. The social dimension with an mean of 2.46 has a more favorable state of livability and the environmental dimension with an mean of 2.08 has a more critical situation than other dimensions. Therefore, the livability of the neighborhoods in the central district of Rasht are considered unfavorable. In terms of overall livability, Rodbartan neighborhood is the most unfavorable with an mean of 2.07 and Chelekhane neighborhood is the most desirable with an mean of 2.78. The Friedman test comparing the average ratings of livability dimensions shows that the highest mean rating (3.90) is assigned to the physical spatial dimension and the lowest mean rating (1.30) is assigned to the environmental dimension affecting livability. Manuscript profile

The presence of people in urban spaces and related components is one of the most important issues in the field of behavioral sciences in urban studies. The mechanism of static presence in urban spaces is influenced by factors that generally determine the quality of social life in these spaces. The present study examines the way people are present in urban spaces in relation to each other, and in this context, focuses on the concepts of "isolation" and "congestion" in these spaces. Studying and comparing behavioral patterns in these two thresholds, and studying its changes in the daily life sequence of urban spaces, to a large extent, clarifies the environmental preferences of space users, their behavioral actions and interactions, and the factors influencing their adaptive behaviors at peak times of "isolation" and "congestion" in public spaces. In this regard, the present paper examines this relationship through applied research based on field observations in Nabovat Square in Narmak, Tehran. The results include explaining the relationship between the environmental characteristics of urban space with the patterns of pause and presence in this space on the threshold of isolation and congestion. This study has shown that factors such as the presence of active uses, the availability of comfort facilities, the use of micro-spaces, and the placement of people in the context of creating favorable social interactions have raised the thresholds of "isolation" and "congestion" and delayed the desire to leave public spaces in these thresholds. Manuscript profile