Alzheimer's disease is an age-related ailment that affects more and more people every day. It is a type of amnesia with brain dysfunction that gradually degrades the patient's mental abilities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance training with royal jelly consumption on dopamine in the hippocampus tissue of Alzheimer's rats treated with trimethyltin. In this experimental study, 30 rats underwent intraperitoneal injection of 8 mg/kg trimethyltin (TMT) chloride and after ensuring Alzheimer's disease were divided into groups of 6 subjects: control, training, royal jelly consumption, and training with royal jelly consumption. In order to investigate the effects of Alzheimer's induction on dopamine levels, 6 rats were included in the healthy control group. The training groups ran on the treadmill for eight weeks, five sessions a week, and 60 minutes each session. The royal jelly consumption groups received 100 mg/kg royal jelly per day peritoneally for eight weeks. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s mean comparison tests were used to analyze the findings (p≤0.05). Alzheimer's induction with trimethyltin toxin had a significant effect on reducing dopamine gene expression levels (p=0.04); royal jelly, training, and training with royal jelly consumption had a significant effect on increasing dopamine gene expression levels (p=0.001). Also, training and training with royal jelly consumption had a greater effect on increasing dopamine gene expression levels than royal jelly consumption (p=0.001). Although training and royal jelly consumption improve dopamine gene expression levels in the hippocampus tissue of rats with Alzheimer's disease, the effects of training combined with royal jelly consumption appear to be greater than those of royal jelly consumption alone. Manuscript profile

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is caused by genetic and environmental factors that lead to problems with enzyme deficiencies, apolipoproteins, or lipoprotein particles. There are a number of factors that contribute to dyslipidemia; however these factors are not well known. Thus the aim of this study was to determine the association among lifestyle status and dyslipidemia. Material & Methods: One hundred eighty three male (n=102; mean ± SD: 34.9 ± 11.8 years old) and female (n=81; mean ± SD: 32.4 ± 11.2 years old) participated in this study. Each subject’s lifestyle status was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire based on Breslow’s lifestyle index and a composite dietary behavior score obtained from self-reported responses to a 24-item food-frequency. Results: The results demonstrated a positive relationship between age and BMI with dyslipidemia (P<0.05). On the other hand, the results showed that there is a positive relationship between less healthy foods with total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-c and a positive relationship between healthy foods and HDL-c levels. General linear regression demonstrated that fast food consumption was independently associated with blood lipid profile in male and female. Conclusions: In conclusion, unhealthy lifestyle, especially having bad food consumption pattern may cause dyslipidemia. Manuscript profile

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a significant general disease, which affects a large number of people around the world. Chronic kidney disease is identified by blood test for creatinine, the blood levels of creatinine rises. The one main causes of chronic kidney disease is diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of physical activity on creatinine and metabolic syndrome (Mets) in females with transplanted kidney. Material & Methods: 20 females with transplanted kidney 24.3 ± 2.5 years participated. Subjects were divided into two equal groups. Prior and after study both groups underwent a blood test to check creatinine, Insulin Resistance and metabolic syndrome. The experimental group conducted 8 weeks of submaximal activities and 3 sessions each week. To analyze the data independent and dependent t-test were used. To validate if the data distribution is normal, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was utilized. Results: The results show experimental group had decreased their total cholesterol (TC) (0.026), triglyceride (TG) (0.002), fasting blood Sugar (FBS) (0.026), creatinine (C) (0.043), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (0.02), insulin resistance (IR) (0.044) and increase of high density lipoprotein (HDL) (0.003), Also there were no changes of waist circumference (WC) (0.896) SBP (0.602) and DBP (0.0781) in both groups. Conclusions: According to the results we can express eight weeks of Physical activity has a Decreasing significant effect on C and Mets. So it can be concluded that physical activity is useful for female with KT. Manuscript profile

مقدمه: بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهند که ترکیب بدنی به ماهیت ورزش وابسته است و ورزشکاران رشته‌های مختلف احتمالا ترکیب بدنی متفاوت دارند. با توجه نیاز به شناخت این ویژگی فیزیولوژیکی در رشته های مختلف دوچرخه سواری و معرفی آنها به ورزشکاران علاقمند به این رشته؛ مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی و مقایسه ترکیب بدنی دوچرخه سواران رشته کوهستان و جاده غیر نخبه شهرستان شیراز انجام شد. روش‌ها: در این مطالعه کاربردی و از نوع نیمه تجربی، تعداد 20 نفر دوچرخه سوار رشته جاده و 20 نفر دوچرخه سوار رشته کوهستان (سن 18-24 سال) به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند. درصد توده پروتئینی، توده مواد معدنی، توده خالص بدنی و درصد چربی بدن آزمودنی‌ها با استفاده از دستگاه Body Composition با نام تجاری BOCA X1 ساخت کشور کره جنوبی ارزیابی شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون‌های کالموگروف-اسمیرنوف و t مستقل استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: تفاوت معنی‌داری در مقادیر توده پروتئینی (21/0=P)، توده مواد معدنی (23/0=P) و توده خالص بدن (96/0=P) در دوچرخه سواران رشته استقامتی و کوهستان وجود نداشت؛ اما درصد چربی بدن دوچرخه سواران رشته جاده به طور معنی‌داری کمتر از رشته جاده بود (013/0=P). نتیجه‌گیری: به نظر می‌رسد دو رشته دوچرخه سواری از نظر اثر گذاری بر ترکیب بدنی یکسان هستند، ولی دوچرخه سواران جاده درصد چربی بدن پایین‌تری نسبت به دوچرخه سواران کوهستان داشتند؛ با توجه به وجود محدودیت‌هایی مانند عدم ارزیابی رژیم غذایی، توان هوازی و عملکرد قلبی انجام مطالعات بیشتر در این زمینه مورد نیاز است. Manuscript profile

Manuscript profile

Manuscript profile