ZnO nano particles and Cu modified ZnO nano composites have been prepared by simple, facile hydrothermal approach. The novelty of this work was the use of aqueous methanolic solution (50:50 ratio) as the solvent of reaction, while zinc chloride was used as the precursor of ZnO NPs and Cu- modified ZnO nano composites. XRD results revealed that the synthesized ZnO and Cu-modified ZnO nano composites were of nano size and XRD patterns matched with JCPDS Card 35-1451, confirming the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. The FT-IR results confirmed the synthesis of target materials and also the adsorption of Cu metal on ZnO surface. The UV visible spectroscopic analysis indicated that the optical properties improved as the concentration of Cu metal increased on ZnO surface. SEM analysis explored the spherical shape of synthesized nano composites. The EDX graph showed the elemental composition of prepared materials that composed of Zn, O and Cu and no other impurity was found. The Tartrazine Yellow Azo Dye was degraded to investigate the photo catalytic activity which was optimized under sunlight with increasing the Cu metal concentration on surface of ZnO. Manuscript profile

Current studies are performed to review the past 20 years literature regarding the impact of global warming and climatic changes on water availability, its quality/quantity/yield and consequent effects on nutrients, freshwater and biota. Water resources are susceptible to changes in climate. The water holding capacity of the atmosphere is increased with the rise of temperature. Global warming will cause increased sea levels due to the spreading of oceans and melting of glaciers. The flow of affected freshwater into the oceans will cause variations in stratification, nutrient availability, salinity, and turbidity, which will affect tourism, agriculture, and industry. The total amount of organic carbon availability varies from winter to warming, and there are also changes in enzymes' activities. There is a vast shift in rainfall due to climate changes. The intense precipitation, runoff, erosion, and transfer of a vast number of pollutants into the groundwater affect drinking water quality. Many organisms such as animals and plants migrate to other regions, so the biological composition of natural ecosystem agriculture is modified. We cannot measure these complicated processes precisely, yet we roughly estimate these processes through the extinction of species and variation in productivity. The temperature has a pronounced effect on the distribution of various species in different geographical regions. Warming shows an impact on interspecific and intraspecific interaction. It also has an impact growth period and yield of crops. The use of future climate models enables us to understand the environmental issues and future climate changes thoroughly. Manuscript profile