In this paper, we designed a two-dimensional photonic crystal measurement nano-sensor with an octagonal ring resonator. This nano-sensor is designed using circular silicon rods in a rectangular lattice with a lattice constant of 820 nm, to detect temperatures from 0 ° C to 540 ° C. Photonic band gap was calculated by PWE method and the sensor operating parameters such as sensitivity, transmission efficiency, and quality factor were calculated by FDTD method. As the temperature increases, the resonance wavelength changes to a higher wavelength. The designed photonic crystal nano-sensor works at the resonance wavelength λ = 1733 nm and with the TE polarization. The maximum transmission efficiency, quality factor, and sensitivity are 100%, 582.66, and 33.33 pm/°C, respectively. This nano temperature sensor, designed to work in the nanoscale, can sense the slightest temperature change, so it is well suited for critical and sensitive nanotechnology systems. Manuscript profile

The main cause of oscillation during the movement of the vehicle is the unevenness of the road. Therefore, in order to maintain the stability of the car in swing states, the suspension system plays an essential role. Therefore, the active suspension system is used to replace the conventional passive suspension system, to improve comfort and smoothness. To reduce the displacement of the spring mass in the active vehicle suspension system, a high-order sliding mode controller is proposed in this paper. Uncertainty of system parameters, nonlinear characteristic of damping and spring, load changes and unknown path disturbance are estimated by disturbance observer. The controller only needs the information of the spring mass state variables and therefore does not need separate sensors to measure the suspension mass state variables. Particle swarm optimization algorithm has been used to determine the control parameters. The efficiency of the proposed method has been shown using simulation in MATLAB software and the results have been compared with the passive suspension system. Manuscript profile