This paper presents the development of a new algorithm called F-MPSO, which aims to enhance energy efficiency and extend the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. The F-MPSO algorithm aims to optimize the selection of cluster heads, which is a problem that falls under the category of Non-Deterministic Polynomial (NP)-hard problems. To address this challenge, a hybrid metaheuristic approach has been implemented using manifold distance to cluster the sensor nodes. We recommend using a combination of the Firefly approach for local updates and the PSO approach for global updates to create a reliable cluster. Our strategy aims to improve the overall lifespan of the network. We use a metric that takes into account the different routes available and gives preference to paths that go through intermediate sensors with high residual energy, rather than simply selecting the shortest distance between a regular node and cluster heads with low residual energy. Based on the analysis conducted using Matlab, it has been determined that the F-MPSO algorithm proposed is highly efficient regarding energy consumption. Additionally, it has been deemed successful in extending the network lifetime. Results from round 1600 indicate that the proposed method had approximately 78 still operational nodes. On the other hand, Leach's algorithm had no live nodes, while enhanced-LEACH and ESO_LEACH had 25 and 53 live nodes, respectively. Furthermore, the author has compared the results with previous algorithms, and the outcome shows excellent promise. Manuscript profile

Today, with the equipping of vehicles and streets with wireless equipment, a new dynamic network called vehicle ad hoc network (VANET) is emerging. This network can support two types of communication: communication between one vehicle and another vehicle and contact between a vehicle and fixed means of communication around the streets. This network can be used in many fields such as safety, business, entertainment, and emergency. One of the main challenges in this network is the routing process to transfer information from one node to another. The main problem is the lack of a stable infrastructure. Of course, there is a problem in the MANET network that many algorithms and protocols have been presented to solve, but due to the high dynamics in these networks, these protocols cannot be used for VANET. Therefore, today the presentation and improvement of the protocol Routing features in VANET networks have become an attractive issue for researchers interested in computer networks. One of the challenging issues in these protocols is the possibility of adapting them to the high dynamics of the in-vehicle network. Of course, efforts have been made in recent years in this field, including artificial intelligence techniques. This paper also tried to improve sending rate and reduce latency by using the reinforcement learning method to select the nodes. To evaluate the protocol, its implementation has been done with OMNeT++ simulation. According to the obtained results and compared with other protocols such as GSR, the proposed protocol performs better in intercity networks. Manuscript profile

Due to the increase in the sending of medical, military, financial, etc., the need to use processing and encryption in sending images to ensure the non-abuse transmission is essential. Image encryption has come to the attention of researchers in recent years because of its function in maintaining security and hiding confidential information in images. In this paper, the chaos system was suggested to increase the security of images sent in the network. On the other hand, the proposed method proposed a fast Fourier transform to reduce the processing load using composite images. By combining different parts of the images and encrypting them by chaos and Fourier transform, the original images will not be easily detectable, ensuring the security of the submitted images. The evaluation results showed that in addition to reducing the processing volume and execution time, the security of the composite images was also established by the proposed method. Manuscript profile