The concept of social capital has three indexes including social trust, social solidarity and social participation and it is the effect and developer of the three indexes. This vital capital is in tight relation with physical, economic and human capital, which contribute to economic, cultural, and information development and to the flourishment of the society. Social capital creates the sense of participation among the society members, and it is the determinant cause of social security. Low level of social capital would result in discrimination, inequality, migration, lack of public trust sense, decrease in the social participation, decrease in charity affairs, increase in social bandit, drug addiction, family collapse, inter-generational gap, and consequently decrease in social security index. Using descriptive- analytic method, this research is intended to expound the indexes of social capital and their role in the promotion of social security so that to provide social security to flourish the society. Manuscript profile

The proliferation of social networks and their many capabilities has become a double-edged sword that people use both morally and immorally. The purpose of this study is to find the important factors affecting the moral decisions of individuals, which is based on the theory of planned behavior (Theory of Planned Behavior). For this purpose, four different scenarios have been designed that have been used in the final questionnaire to examine the impact of different factors on the moral or immoral behavior of individuals. A total of 660 valid answers were collected from the questionnaires, which were analyzed through the partial least squares’ technique - structural equation modeling. The results showed that attitude is the most effective factor, followed by perceived behavioral control and mental norms of individuals as influential factors on moral decisions. Finally, the role of different scenarios as a moderator was investigated and the results showed that the intensity of the relationship between the factors identified in different scenarios is different. Manuscript profile

The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the impact of social networks on political socialization and political participation of political science students of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Tehran south branch during 2007-2017. This article is a descriptive-survey research based on the theory of planned behavior and has been done based on random sampling with a population of 280 samples. The findings indicate that 93% of students use social media and spend a significant part of their study hours on social networks, which mainly include Telegram, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp. The variables related to social networks affect the socialization and political participation of students, and the extent of the impact of social networks on encouraging individuals to participate in the election as a component of political socialization is positive and significant. This finding and other findings are a positive and significant impact of social networks on the attitudes, values and norms, attitudes and behaviors of political science students as a sample population, and thus the hypothesis of this research has been confirmed. Manuscript profile

The present study aims to study the sociology of knowledge in Gramsci's theories and its role in epistemological sociology and to analyze the part of Gramsci's ideas related to the sociology of knowledge. Considering that Gramsci and his theories are not related to the sociology of knowledge (that is, Gramsci has not deliberately discussed sociology of knowledge), the most important discussions of Gramsci's views related to the sociology of knowledge have been considered according to our context. The most important parts of Gramsci's ideas related to the sociology of knowledge investigate the influence of historical conditions as an awareness factor, the hegemony debate, dialectical theory, civil society, the emphasis on pragmatism of "will-mindedness",and the role of intellectuals, economic agents (infrastructure), and political factors (Workers' Council and etc.).This study is a fundamental research which is based on content analysis qualitative methodology. The library method has been used to collect the data. Manuscript profile

In this article, we dealt with wise and comprehensive criticizing the theory of social exchange that developed by Homans, while raising and extending the mentioned theory. In this respect, it could be noted to a significant theoretical evolution in 1950s of 20th century that is emerging of exchange theory, in which George Homans plays role as main character. Behavioral of Skinner accounts as main source of Homan’s exchange theory in sociology. In present article, at first after expression and describing exchange theory, we dealt with fundamental subject of Homans through descriptive method. Then, we pointed out to critiques raised by Parsons, Mulem, and Abrahamson and Ake suggesting presences of some defects in exchange theory in view of extreme reduction proposed by Homans, and established methodology of this paper on qualitative, analytical and expressive method. Foundations of critique rose against exchange theory of Homans established on triple criteria for criticizing (Ontology, Epistemology in addition, methodology). The exchange theory could be regarded as a behaviorism theory and models of behaviorism to analyze of behavior of actors is merely based on experiences, that is the point, in which scholars in transcendental traditions criticizing, therefore, relevant hypothesis in this paper is based on the question that: whether exchange theory suggests constant and persistent criteria for scientific recognition of behavior, its emersion and prediction? In addition, concluded by authors. Present article, considering the history of raised reasons through criticizing of Homan’s theory, make distinction between current paper and other criticizing studies. Manuscript profile