One of the big concerns of big cities is facing with the increase of fossil fuel vehicles in the roads. The cars intensify greenhouse gas emission in civic centers. One approach to reduce the emission is replacing the cars by Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEVs). In spite of reducing the emission, PEVs have some adverse effect on electric distribution networks. Technical challenges such as load and loss factors are some of the considerable problems. In this paper, in order to overcome the problems, the effect of integration of different energy networks is introduced. Two scenarios are proposed. In first scenario, a parking lot is just supplied by just electric distribution network. In second scenario, the parking lot is supplied by electricity and gas networks. Finally, the significant effect of multi carrier energy networks to supply the vehicles is confirmed. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Manuscript profile

In this paper, an attempt has been made to introduce a new control strategy including Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) and Diesel engine generator to control the voltage and frequency of autonomous microgrids. The proposed control strategy has multiple advantages over the recent control methods in microgrids. The proposed method applies the primary and secondary frequency control strategy, simultaneously. However the secondary voltage control scheme is obligatory. In present study, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) has been implemented for training and validating the advanced droop control (ADC). After ADC unit training, the inverter based DG can be installed in complex microgrids consist of several DGs and loads. Simulation results indicate the effectiveness and applicability of proposed method in controlling the voltage and frequency in autonomous microgrids. Manuscript profile

The biggest challenges faced in big cities are greenhouse gas emission and growing energy needs. Efficient utilization of existing infrastructures has a prominent role in response to the challenges. Energy hub approach embraces performance of different energy networks. Energy hub is defined as a super node in electrical system receiving distinctive energy carriers such as gas and electricity in its input, and based on minimum cost decides when and how much of which energy carrier should supply the hub requirements. In this paper, we examine impact of renewable energy resources (wind and solar) and energy storages (electrical and thermal storages) on short term scheduling of energy hub. Effect of the technologies is also investigated on total operation costs of the energy hub in hot and cold climates. Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is used for modeling proposed energy hub. CPLEX solver of GAMS software is employed to solve the problem. The results reveal that when and how much of which energy carrier should be exploited to satisfy hub required demands Manuscript profile