The effect of five fungicides and tea extracts was tested against anthracnose disease and leaf spot of Azalea during summer (2015) at the laboratory in Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University. Commercially formulated fungicides at 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm concentrations and the regression of normalized growth rate were used to determine the EC50. The application of different fungicides on Pestalotia sp., Bavistin 50WP, Dithane M-45, Aliette, Benlate 50 WP and Topsin M 70 WP gave significant reduction in colony growth, i.e. 0.5, 0.5, 0.50, 3.38 and 2.56 mm, respectively as compared to control (88.00 mm) in 2000 ppm at recommended doses. The application of different fungicides on Colletotrichum sp. Resulted in significant reduction in colony growth. The fungicides were tested against Colletotrichum sp. at 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm concentrations, and no growth was observed in Mancozeb, Thiophanate-methyl and Fosetyl aluminum at any concentrations. Three of the tested fungicides suppressed mycelial pathogen growth effectively. However, there were significant differences in the sensitivities exhibited by the examined pathogen isolates. Concentrations of extracts from fresh tea leaves used to control the disease agents could not prevent the growth of fungal colony. Manuscript profile

The present study explored the efficacy of Bacillus spp. and protease production for biocontrol of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica in African violet media. Among 100 bacterial isolates from various soils, the highest nematode mortality was observed for treatments with isolate GM-18, which was identified as Bacillus subtilis based on cultural and morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequencing analyses. The Bacillus spp. showed nematicidal activity 74.01 to 28.33. Strain GM18 showed the most inhibitor zone in medium containing casein (13 mm) and nematicidal activity in our tests targeting Meloidogyne javanica. The effect of different variables such as time (1-24 h), pH (7- 8.5), and temperature (25- 37 °C) on the protease production was checked. The maximum enzyme production was noted when B. subtilis GM18 was grown on mineral medium and incubated at 31°C for 12 h with initial pH = 8. Three protease inhibitors that had the greatest influence on EDTA were studied. Protease produced by B. subtilis GM18belonged to different groups. Manuscript profile