Taxol is one of the most important anti-cancer drugs in the world, which is obtained from the genus of the Taxus. Taxol, with its antimicrobial properties, causes the death of proliferating cells by preventing the formation of abnormally dividing spindles. Abnormal division stops DNA transcription in the G2 / M division of mitosis and thus causes the proliferation of proliferating cells. Due to the low amount of taxol in the tissues of yew and also the very low growth of this plant, meeting the therapeutic need for this drug is the most important issue facing scientists. Commercially, taxol synthesis seems unlikely due to limited resources and the possibility of over-consumption of a natural product that could be found in endangered yew species. Therefore, a suitable alternative method for taxol production should be used. Yew cell suspension culture is one of the most important alternatives for long-term and sustainable production of taxol. This review is about cell suspension culture in different yew species. Manuscript profile

Taxus baccata belongs to the Taxaceae family. Taxol is one of the most important natural anti-cancer compounds in the world, which is obtained from different taxus species. But due to the very small concentrations of this drug in the plant, suitable alternative methods should be used to produce this drug from the plant. Plant tissue callus and cell culture can be one of the most effective methods for producing the anticancer drug Taxol. In this research, callus formation and phenolic and flavonoid compounds of four different types of Taxus baccata L. tissues (stem, leaf, shoot tip and leaf + node) were investigated. For the induction of callus, four types of explants were placed in Gemburg culture medium with 6 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/L kinetin and 30 g/L sucrose. After 4 weeks, the fresh weight and dry weight of callus, total phenols, and total flavonoids were measured in four types of tissue. The results showed that the highest fresh and dry weight of callus belonged to the shoot tip tissue while the lowest fresh and dry weight of callus belonged to the leaf tissue. Also, the total phenol and flavonoid contents of the four tissues under study showed that the lowest values of total phenol and total flavonoid belonged to the shoot tip tissue and other tissues were not different from each other. Manuscript profile